Uribe Natalia Caballero, Casañas-Quintana Elisa, Trüeb Ralph Michel
Center for Dermatology and Hair Diseases Professor Trüeb, Zurich-Wallisellen, Switzerland.
Int J Trichology. 2025 Jan-Feb;17(1):20-24. doi: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_57_24. Epub 2025 Jun 23.
The frequencies of the different types of alopecia in hair referral centres have so far been reported in a single multicentre study at multiple specialist hair clinics over a time period of one month.
Single center studies over a longer time-frame offer a more representative and homogeneous study population with regard to ethnic, demographic, and climatic factors, and seasonality of hair growth and shedding than multicenter studies over a short time frame.
Retrospective study of patient data at a single centre over 10 years.
A total of 15'211 patients (73% female, 27% male) were included, and we found the following frequencies: pattern hair loss (67%), alopecia areata (11%), the cicatricial alopecias (11%), and telogen effluvium (7%). Among the cicatricial alopecias, the most frequent diagnosis was frontal fibrosing alopecia (33% of cicatricial alopecias), followed in order of frequency by lichen planopilaris (19%), fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution (18%), folliculitis decalvans (8%), discoid lupus (5.5%), and dissecting cellulitis (2%). Some specific types of alopecia were observed more frequently in women, others in men, with a predominance of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia and traction alopecia in women of African origin, and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp and acne keloidalis in men of African origin. The proportion of patients under the age of 10 years was 2.4%. Among the pediatric hair conditions were in order of frequency: alopecia areata (39%), prepubertal pattern hair loss (24%), telogen effluvium (6%), hereditary hypotrichosis (6%), congenital triangular alopecia (4%), short anagen hair (4%), loose anagen hair (3%), trichotillomania (2%), and tinea capitis (1.4%).
Knowledge of the main types of alopecia and of their epidemiological and clinical specifics are prerequisite for providing an understanding of the etiologies and appropriate patient care in a respective specialty clinic.
迄今为止，在一项针对多家专科毛发诊所开展的为期一个月的多中心研究中，报告了毛发转诊中心不同类型脱发的发生率。
与短期内的多中心研究相比，在更长时间范围内开展的单中心研究，在种族、人口统计学、气候因素以及头发生长和脱落的季节性方面，能提供更具代表性和同质性的研究人群。
对单中心10年间的患者数据进行回顾性研究。
共纳入15211例患者（73%为女性，27%为男性），我们发现以下发生率：雄激素性脱发（67%）、斑秃（11%）、瘢痕性脱发（11%）和休止期脱发（7%）。在瘢痕性脱发中，最常见的诊断是额部纤维性脱发（占瘢痕性脱发的33%），其次依次为扁平苔藓样毛囊炎（19%）、匐行性脱发（18%）、脱发性毛囊炎（8%）、盘状红斑狼疮（5.5%）和头皮分割性蜂窝织炎（2%）。某些特定类型的脱发在女性中更常见，另一些在男性中更常见，非洲裔女性中以中央离心性瘢痕性脱发和牵引性脱发为主，非洲裔男性中以头皮分割性蜂窝织炎和瘢痕疙瘩性痤疮为主。10岁以下患者的比例为2.4%。儿童毛发疾病按发生率依次为：斑秃（39%）、青春期前雄激素性脱发（24%）、休止期脱发（6%）、遗传性少毛症（6%）、先天性三角形脱发（4%）、生长期短的毛发（4%）、生长期松动的毛发（3%）、拔毛癖（2%）和头癣（1.4%）。
了解脱发的主要类型及其流行病学和临床特点，是在相应专科诊所理解病因并提供适当患者护理的先决条件。
