Meisner Olivia C, Shi Weikang, Nair Amrita, Nandy Gargi, Jadi Monika P, Nandy Anirvan S, Chang Steve W C
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
bioRxiv. 2025 May 7:2025.05.06.652115. doi: 10.1101/2025.05.06.652115.
In humans, cooperation relies on advanced social cognition, but the extent to which these mechanisms support cooperation in nonhuman primates remains unclear. To investigate this, we examined freely moving marmoset dyads in a cooperative lever-pulling task. Marmosets successfully coordinated actions, relying on social vision rather than environmental cues. Blocking visual access or replacing the partner with an automated agent disrupted coordination. Causal dependencies between social gaze and pull actions revealed both gaze-dependent and gaze-independent strategies. Cooperation depended on social relationships, including dominance, kinship, and sex. Remarkably, marmosets adapted strategies based on partner identity, indicating rapid social learning and memory. Altogether, these findings show that flexible, cognitively driven cooperation extends more broadly across primates than previously recognized, informing our understanding of cooperative behavior's mechanisms and evolution.
在人类中，合作依赖于先进的社会认知，但这些机制在非人类灵长类动物中支持合作的程度仍不清楚。为了研究这一点，我们在一项合作拉杠杆任务中检查了自由活动的狨猴二元组。狨猴成功地协调了行动，依靠的是社会视觉而非环境线索。阻断视觉通道或用自动代理取代伙伴会破坏协调。社会注视与拉动动作之间的因果依赖关系揭示了注视依赖和注视独立策略。合作取决于社会关系，包括支配地位、亲属关系和性别。值得注意的是，狨猴根据伙伴身份调整策略，这表明它们具有快速的社会学习和记忆能力。总之，这些发现表明，灵活的、由认知驱动的合作在灵长类动物中的分布比以前认为的更广泛，这有助于我们理解合作行为的机制和进化。
