Camussi A, Ottaviano E, Calinski T, Kaczmarek Z
Genetics. 1985 Dec;111(4):945-62. doi: 10.1093/genetics/111.4.945.
Morphological data showing continuous distributions, polygenically controlled, may be particularly useful in intergroup classification below the species level; an appropriate distance analysis based on these traits is an important tool in evolutionary biology and in plant and animal breeding.--The interpretation of morphological distances in genetic terms is not easy because simple phenotypic data may lead to biased estimates of genetic distances. Convenient estimates can be obtained whenever it is possible to breed populations according to a suitable crossing design and to derive information from genetic parameters.--A general method for determining genetic distances is proposed. The procedure of multivariate analysis of variance is extended to estimate appropriate genetic parameters (genetic effects). Not only are optimal statistical estimates of parameters obtained but also the procedure allows the measurement of genetic distances between populations as linear functions of the estimated parameters, providing an appropriate distance matrix that can be defined in terms of these parameters. The use of the T2 statistic, defined in terms of the vector of contrasts specifying the distance, permits the testing of the significance of any distance between any pair of populations that may be of interest from a genetic point of view.--A numerical example from maize diallel data is reported in order to illustrate the procedure. In particular, heterosis effects are used as the basis for estimates of genetic divergence between populations.
形态学数据呈现连续分布，受多基因控制，在种以下水平的群体分类中可能特别有用；基于这些性状进行适当的距离分析是进化生物学以及动植物育种中的重要工具。——从遗传学角度解释形态学距离并非易事，因为简单的表型数据可能导致对遗传距离的偏差估计。只要能够按照合适的杂交设计培育群体并从遗传参数中获取信息，就可以得到便捷的估计值。——提出了一种确定遗传距离的通用方法。将多变量方差分析程序进行扩展，以估计合适的遗传参数（遗传效应）。不仅可以获得参数的最优统计估计值，而且该程序还允许将群体之间的遗传距离测量为估计参数的线性函数，从而提供一个可以根据这些参数定义的合适距离矩阵。使用根据指定距离的对比向量定义的T2统计量，可以检验从遗传学角度来看任何一对可能感兴趣的群体之间任何距离的显著性。——报告了一个来自玉米双列数据的数值示例，以说明该程序。特别是，杂种优势效应被用作群体间遗传差异估计的基础。
