Henderson Kate M, Hazlett Megan, Drew Joshua A
Department of Environmental Biology, The State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2025 Jul 14;20(7):e0327293. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0327293. eCollection 2025.
Freshwater fish communities in New York State, USA, have been impacted by a variety of threats over the last century, including changes in land cover. Land cover exerts a powerful influence on aquatic communities at multiple spatial scales, and alterations to systems can persist even after restoration actions are taken. Our research examines how land cover changes were correlated with changes in fish species richness in a nearly 100-year dataset from New York's Oswego River Watershed. The watershed was heavily agricultural in the early 1900s and was modified by both reforestation and urbanization in the subsequent century, two changes which we may expect to have opposite effects on biodiversity. Linear mixed effects models showed that species richness correlated positively with natural and urban land cover and negatively with agricultural land cover, with increases in the richness of sediment-tolerant, temperature-tolerant, and nonnative species driving the urban increase. Understanding how historical changes in land cover have affected species richness can help inform predictions about future changes to fish communities as formerly agricultural regions experience the conflicting effects of reforestation and urbanization.
在美国纽约州，淡水鱼群落在上个世纪受到了多种威胁的影响，包括土地覆盖的变化。土地覆盖在多个空间尺度上对水生群落产生强大影响，即使在采取恢复行动后，系统的改变仍可能持续存在。我们的研究通过纽约奥斯威戈河流域近100年的数据，考察了土地覆盖变化与鱼类物种丰富度变化之间的关系。该流域在20世纪初以农业为主，在随后的一个世纪里经历了重新造林和城市化改造，这两种变化可能对生物多样性产生相反的影响。线性混合效应模型表明，物种丰富度与自然和城市土地覆盖呈正相关，与农业土地覆盖呈负相关，耐沉积物、耐高温和非本地物种丰富度的增加推动了城市地区物种丰富度的增长。了解土地覆盖的历史变化如何影响物种丰富度，有助于预测随着以前的农业地区经历重新造林和城市化的冲突影响，鱼类群落未来的变化。
