Andrusenko Ekaterina, van der Werf J A, van der Hoek J P, Langeveld J G
Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, The Netherlands E-mail:
Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, The Netherlands.
Water Sci Technol. 2025 Jul;92(1):96-111. doi: 10.2166/wst.2025.088. Epub 2025 Jun 28.
Blue green infrastructure (BGI) is widely implemented as an adaptive stormwater management measure at the household level to reduce flood risk. However, more greenery also raises water demand during droughts due to higher evapotranspiration. This study examines the impact of 14 commonly used BGI types on household water balance under climate projections in the Netherlands. Several scenarios were modeled, from a 'Grey' setup with no BGI to a 'Greenest' option with an intensive green roof, facade, and orchard. Intermediate configurations were also analyzed, representing more common household configurations. On a typical 100 m household plot, the 'Greenest' option results in an extra demand of 154.3 L/day. This exceeds the current average daily indoor water use of a typical household of 129 L/day. In contrast, intermediate setups with a native plant garden or fully grassed garden and a gray roof require 8.4 and 9.9 L/day, respectively. To meet 80% of the projected additional external water demand from intensified greenery, intermediate setups need up to 2.3 m of rainwater tank. The 'Greenest' option requires 14.9 m of water storage to achieve the same coverage, underscoring the challenge of balancing space for water harvesting systems and intensified greenery within a limited household plot.
蓝绿基础设施（BGI）作为一种适应性雨水管理措施，在家庭层面被广泛应用以降低洪水风险。然而，由于较高的蒸发散作用，更多的绿色植物在干旱期间也会增加用水需求。本研究考察了荷兰气候预测条件下14种常用BGI类型对家庭水平衡的影响。模拟了多种情景，从没有BGI的“灰色”设置到有密集绿色屋顶、外墙和果园的“最绿色”选项。还分析了中间配置，代表更常见的家庭配置。在一个典型的100平方米家庭地块上，“最绿色”选项导致每天额外需求154.3升水。这超过了典型家庭目前每天129升的室内平均用水量。相比之下，有原生植物园或全草地花园以及灰色屋顶的中间设置分别需要每天8.4升和9.9升水。为了满足预计因绿化增强而产生的额外外部用水需求的80%，中间设置需要高达2.3米的雨水箱。“最绿色”选项需要14.9米的储水量才能达到相同的覆盖率，这凸显了在有限的家庭地块内平衡雨水收集系统空间和强化绿化的挑战。
