Liu Ying, Zhang Yaru
School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai, 201418, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 15;15(1):25592. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-09732-2.
Due to the environmental impact of fossil fuels, renewable energy, such as wind and solar energy, is rapidly developed. In energy systems, energy storage units are important, which can regulate the safe and stable operation of the power system. However, different energy storage methods have different environmental and economic impacts in renewable energy systems. This paper proposed three different energy storage methods for hybrid energy systems containing different renewable energy including wind, solar, bioenergy and hydropower, meanwhile. Based on Homer Pro software, this paper compared and analyzed the economic and environmental results of different methods in the energy system through the case of a residential community in Baotou City. The result showed that (1) the use of batteries as energy storage in communities posed the lowest energy costs whose NPC was $197,396 and LCOE was $0.159, consisting of 20 batteries, 19.3 kW PV, 6 wind turbines, a 12.6 kW converter. (2) Lower fuel cell prices mean lower NPC and the increase in the Electric Load Scaled Average implied a decrease in LCOE and the increase of the NPC. (3) The use of fuel cells also had impacts on the environment, such as resulting CO and SO.
由于化石燃料对环境的影响，风能和太阳能等可再生能源正在迅速发展。在能源系统中，储能单元很重要，它可以调节电力系统的安全稳定运行。然而，不同的储能方法在可再生能源系统中具有不同的环境和经济影响。本文同时针对包含风能、太阳能、生物能和水能等不同可再生能源的混合能源系统提出了三种不同的储能方法。基于Homer Pro软件，本文通过包头市一个住宅小区的案例，对能源系统中不同方法的经济和环境结果进行了比较和分析。结果表明：（1）在社区中使用电池作为储能，能源成本最低，其净现值成本（NPC）为197,396美元，平准化度电成本（LCOE）为0.159美元，由20个电池、19.3千瓦的光伏电池板、6台风力涡轮机和一个12.6千瓦的变流器组成。（2）燃料电池价格降低意味着净现值成本降低，电力负荷规模平均值的增加意味着平准化度电成本降低和净现值成本增加。（3）使用燃料电池也会对环境产生影响，例如产生一氧化碳和二氧化硫。
