Mitchell J R, Senger P L, Rosenberger J L
J Anim Sci. 1985 Oct;61(4):956-67. doi: 10.2527/jas1985.614956x.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the fate of sperm following uterine insemination. In Exp. I, five pairs of Holstein cows were inseminated with egg yolk-Tris extended semen (approximately 1.0 X 10(9) sperm; .5 ml) from five ejaculates from a single bull that had high levels (approximately 70%) of morphologically abnormal sperm. Cows were slaughtered 12 h after insemination. The genital tracts were removed and promptly clamped into defined regions. Sperm were recovered by flushing with 2.9% sodium citrate buffer. Proportions of abnormal sperm in the various regions were compared with those in the inseminate. Sperm numbers were also determined from each region. Regions of the tract varied in number of sperm (P less than .001), proportions of knobbed acrosomes (P less than .001), tapered heads (P less than .001), protoplasmic droplets (P less than .001), tail abnormalities (P less than .029) and total abnormalities (P less than .002). A total of 63.5 +/- 6.4 X 10(6) sperm was recovered. These sperm were distributed throughout the tract as follows: vagina, 91.8%; cervix, 5.4%; uterine horns, 2.7%, and uterotubal junctions-isthmi, .04%. No sperm were recovered from ampullae. Because retrograde movement of sperm from the uterus occurred in Exp. I, we conducted Exp. II to determine the extent of sperm loss from the genital tract following insemination. Three pairs of Holstein cows were inseminated with .42 X 10(9) sperm (.5 ml; egg yolk-Tris extender) from the same bull used in Exp. I (three ejaculates). All discharged mucus and urine was collected for 12 h after insemination for recovery of sperm. Aspirates (approximately 1 ml) of mucus from the vagina were evaluated during the 12-h post-insemination period for numbers of sperm and leucocytes. Sperm were also recovered from the tract following slaughter (approximately 12 h) to determine retention. Overall, 73 +/- 3.7% of inseminated sperm were recovered. Components were: inseminate lost from the genital tract in discharged mucus, 60 +/- 4.6%; lost in urine, .06 +/- .02%; aspirated from the vagina, 4.4 +/- 1%; adhered to equipment, 1.3 +/- .3%, and retained in the genital tract, 6.5 +/- 1.6%. Predicted numbers of sperm contained in discharged mucus 2 h post-insemination were greater (P less than .009) than at subsequent hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
进行了两项实验来评估子宫授精后精子的去向。在实验I中，用来自同一头公牛的五份射精的蛋黄 - Tris稀释精液（约1.0×10⁹个精子；0.5毫升）对五对荷斯坦奶牛进行授精，该公牛有高水平（约70%）的形态异常精子。授精12小时后宰杀奶牛。取出生殖道并立即夹入特定区域。用2.9%柠檬酸钠缓冲液冲洗回收精子。将各个区域异常精子的比例与输精中的比例进行比较。还测定了每个区域的精子数量。生殖道各区域的精子数量（P < 0.001）、带帽顶体的比例（P < 0.001）、锥形头的比例（P < 0.001）、原生质滴的比例（P < 0.001）、尾部异常的比例（P < 0.029）和总异常比例（P < 0.002）存在差异。共回收了63.5±6.4×10⁶个精子。这些精子在生殖道中的分布如下：阴道，91.8%；子宫颈，5.4%；子宫角，2.7%，子宫输卵管连接处 - 峡部，0.04%。在壶腹部未回收精子。因为在实验I中发生了精子从子宫的逆行运动，所以我们进行了实验II来确定授精后生殖道中精子损失的程度。用与实验I中相同公牛的0.42×10⁹个精子（0.5毫升；蛋黄 - Tris稀释液）对三对荷斯坦奶牛进行授精（三份射精）。授精后12小时收集所有排出的黏液和尿液以回收精子。在授精后12小时内评估从阴道吸出的黏液（约1毫升）中的精子和白细胞数量。宰杀后（约12小时）也从生殖道中回收精子以确定留存情况。总体而言，回收了73±3.7%的授精精子。其组成部分为：在排出的黏液中从生殖道损失的输精精液，60±4.6%；在尿液中损失的，0.06±0.02%；从阴道吸出的，4.4±1%；附着在设备上的，1.3±0.3%，以及留在生殖道中的，6.5±1.6%。授精后2小时排出的黏液中所含精子的预测数量比随后几小时的更大（P < 0.009）。（摘要截断于400字）
