Continuous positive airway pressure in delivery room in extremely preterm infants: A single-center retrospective study in China.

To assess the beneficial effects of delivery room continuous positive airway pressure (DRCPAP) in extremely preterm infants, a single-center retrospective study was performed at the Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in China. Infants born between January 2016 and December 2018 were regarded as the control group, and those born between January 2019 and August 2022 were considered as the observation group (DRCPAP group). The primary outcome was tracheal intubation within 72 h after birth. Six hundred and seven patients were included in the study (control: 232; DRCPAP: 375). Compared with the control group, DRCPAP reduced the intubation rate (56.8% vs. 62.9%, OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.96,  0.035), including <28 weeks gestational age (GA) subgroup (61.5% vs. 84.7%, OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.78,  0.027). One-to-one propensity score matching (195:195) was used to match the baseline characteristics of patients in DRCPAP and control group. After matching, no significant differences were observed in intubation rate within 72 h between the two groups (20.5% [40 of 195] vs. 22.1% [43 of 195];  = 0.711). Whether DRCPAP can reduce intubation rate within 72 h requires further investigation.