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用于靶向降解致癌性TRK融合蛋白的PROTACs的开发。

Development of PROTACs for targeted degradation of oncogenic TRK fusions.

作者信息

Kumar Saurav, Jiang Jiewei, Donald-Paladino Mia S, Chen Joy, Gutierrez Andrea, Federation Alexander J, Szulzewsky Frank, Holland Eric C, Ferguson Fleur M, Nabet Behnam

机构信息

Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

出版信息

bioRxiv. 2025 Jun 24:2025.06.18.660465. doi: 10.1101/2025.06.18.660465.

Abstract

Chromosomal translocations leading to the fusion of tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK) with diverse partner proteins have been identified as oncogenic drivers in many adult and pediatric cancers. While first-generation TRK kinase inhibitors, such as entrectinib and larotrectinib, have shown positive responses in TRK fusion-positive cancers, resistance mutations against these inhibitors in the kinase domain limit their efficacy. Second-generation inhibitors are in clinical evaluation, highlighting a need for novel therapeutic modalities to achieve durable suppression of the oncogenic activity of TRK fusions. Here, we developed heterobifunctional small molecule degraders (PROTACs) to achieve targeted degradation of TRK fusions. By conjugating entrectinib to thalidomide, we identified JWJ-01-378 as a potent and selective CRBN-recruiting degrader of the TPM3-TRKA fusion. JWJ-01-378 induced TPM3-TRKA degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system and proteomics analysis confirmed the acute selectivity of JWJ-01-378 for achieving TPM3-TRKA degradation with minimal off-target effects. While JWJ-01-378 was also able to degrade wild-type TRK, it was unable to degrade TRK inhibitor resistant mutants and ALK fusions. Importantly, TPM3-TRKA degradation by JWJ-01-378 suppressed downstream signaling and reduced cancer cell viability, with improved responses compared to heterobifunctional control compounds that cannot degrade TPM3-TRKA. Together, our study expands the toolbox of compounds for evaluating targeted degradation of TRK fusions in cancer.

摘要

导致原肌球蛋白受体激酶(TRK)与多种伴侣蛋白融合的染色体易位已被确定为许多成人和儿童癌症的致癌驱动因素。虽然第一代TRK激酶抑制剂,如恩曲替尼和拉罗替尼,在TRK融合阳性癌症中显示出阳性反应,但激酶结构域中针对这些抑制剂的耐药突变限制了它们的疗效。第二代抑制剂正在进行临床评估,这突出表明需要新的治疗方式来持久抑制TRK融合的致癌活性。在此,我们开发了异双功能小分子降解剂(PROTAC)以实现TRK融合的靶向降解。通过将恩曲替尼与沙利度胺偶联,我们鉴定出JWJ-01-378是一种有效的、选择性的CRBN招募的TPM3-TRKA融合降解剂。JWJ-01-378通过泛素-蛋白酶体系统诱导TPM3-TRKA降解,蛋白质组学分析证实了JWJ-01-378在实现TPM3-TRKA降解方面具有急性选择性,且脱靶效应最小。虽然JWJ-01-378也能够降解野生型TRK,但它无法降解TRK抑制剂耐药突变体和ALK融合。重要的是,JWJ-01-378介导的TPM3-TRKA降解抑制了下游信号传导并降低了癌细胞活力,与不能降解TPM3-TRKA的异双功能对照化合物相比,反应有所改善。总之,我们的研究扩展了用于评估癌症中TRK融合靶向降解的化合物工具箱。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e0d8/12262543/aa1ed08b8fff/nihpp-2025.06.18.660465v1-f0002.jpg

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