Rivera M, Karakowsky L, Medina-Solís C E, Márquez-Corona M de L, Manton D J
University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2025 Jul 16. doi: 10.1007/s40368-025-01078-7.
Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a developmental defect of decreased enamel mineral density, involving at least one first permanent molar and frequently, permanent incisors. The defects are demarcated and opaque, varying from white, yellow, and/or brown lesions to having post-eruptive enamel breakdown, with various clinical consequences. Mexican population studies have reported prevalence between 6.8 and 37.7%.
To determine the prevalence, distribution and associated factors of MIH in Mexican schoolchildren aged 6-13 years from Pachuca, Mexico.
A cross-sectional study including 714 participants, selected randomly from nine public schools in Pachuca, Mexico. A dentist trained and standardised in the MIH-criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry performed the clinical oral examinations, and questionnaires were developed to gather information regarding prenatal and perinatal health of the mother and child, as well as family sociodemographic and socioeconomic data.
The prevalence of MIH was 12.3% (95%CI 9.5-14.5%). The average age of schoolchildren with MIH was 9.1 ± 1.7 years, and without MIH was 8.7 ± 1.8 years; the mean number of affected first permanent molars was 2.4 ± 1.1 and 1.1 ± 1.4 for incisors. The factors statistically associated, age (OR = 2.46), fathers' education (OR = 0.53), familial structure (OR = 4.69) and presence or absence of siblings (OR = 0.38).
White demarcated opacities were the most prevalent type of defect, the severity of the lesions increased with the number of affected teeth. The factors associated with socioeconomic position were related to an increase in prevalence and severity.
磨牙症伴切牙矿化不全（MIH）是一种牙釉质矿密度降低的发育性缺陷，至少累及一颗第一恒磨牙，且常累及恒切牙。这些缺陷界限分明且不透明，从白色、黄色和/或棕色病变到萌出后牙釉质破损不等，会产生各种临床后果。墨西哥的人群研究报告患病率在6.8%至37.7%之间。
确定墨西哥帕丘卡市6至13岁学童中MIH的患病率、分布情况及相关因素。
一项横断面研究，纳入了从墨西哥帕丘卡市九所公立学校随机选取的714名参与者。一名接受过欧洲儿童牙科学会MIH标准培训并标准化的牙医进行临床口腔检查，并设计了问卷以收集有关母亲和儿童产前及围产期健康以及家庭社会人口统计学和社会经济数据的信息。
MIH的患病率为12.3%（95%置信区间9.5 - 14.5%）。患有MIH的学童平均年龄为9.1±1.7岁，未患MIH的学童平均年龄为8.7±1.8岁；受影响的第一恒磨牙平均数量为2.4±1.1颗，切牙为1.1±1.4颗。统计学上相关的因素有年龄（比值比=2.46）、父亲的教育程度（比值比=0.53）、家庭结构（比值比=4.69）以及有无兄弟姐妹（比值比=0.38）。
白色界限分明的不透明病变是最常见的缺陷类型，病变严重程度随患牙数量增加而加重。与社会经济地位相关的因素与患病率和严重程度的增加有关。
