Ortega-Luengo Sara, Ábalos-Sanfrutos María Nieves, Calama-Fraile María Isabel, Carballo-Tejeda Verónica, García-Vázquez María Trinidad, Caleya-Zambrano Antonia M
Madrid Health Service (SERMAS), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Front Dent Med. 2025 Jun 18;6:1573208. doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1573208. eCollection 2025.
PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and socioeconomic factors in a sample of children in the Community of Madrid. METHODS: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and multicentre study was designed. After a previous calibration of all the examiners and following the diagnostic criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD), children between 8 and 16 years old were included from among the users of the dental services of eight primary care oral health units of the Madrid Health Service. The children underwent a dental examination, and the parents were asked to complete a questionnaire on possible socioeconomic factors related to the appearance of MIH. Factors such as sex, race, parental education, area of residence, exposure to tobacco and diet in the first two years of life were analysed. With MIH (yes/no) as the dependent variable, the 2 test was used to compare categorical variables between MIH and non-MIH children. A logistic regression model was made with MIH (yes/no) as the dependent variable and the independent variables being those that were clinically relevant or significant in the bivariate analysis. Their associations are expressed as odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS: Females were significantly more likely to have MIH. The prevalence of MIH decreased with age. Residents in Parla had MIH more often than residents of other municipalities of the Community of Madrid. No other socioeconomic factor studied was associated with MIH. CONCLUSIONS: Residents in the municipality of Parla had a higher frequency of MIH, which was a municipality with a low per capita income. When comparing the presence of MIH in breastfed children, statistically significant differences were observed. Logistic regression, however, did not suggest that breastfeeding could influence the presence of MIH. Further study is warranted on possible socioeconomic risk factors for MIH, such as household income, to lower the incidence of this pathology.
目的：本研究的主要目的是评估马德里自治区儿童样本中磨牙切牙矿化不全（MIH）与社会经济因素之间的关系。 方法：设计了一项观察性、描述性、横断面多中心研究。在对所有检查人员进行预先校准并遵循欧洲儿童牙科学会（EAPD）的诊断标准后，从马德里卫生服务机构八个初级保健口腔卫生单位的牙科服务使用者中纳入8至16岁的儿童。这些儿童接受了牙科检查，并要求其父母填写一份关于与MIH出现可能相关的社会经济因素的问卷。分析了性别、种族、父母教育程度、居住地区、出生后头两年接触烟草和饮食等因素。以MIH（是/否）作为因变量，采用卡方检验比较MIH儿童和非MIH儿童之间的分类变量。以MIH（是/否）作为因变量，以双变量分析中具有临床相关性或显著性的变量作为自变量，建立逻辑回归模型。它们的关联以比值比（OR）表示。 结果：女性患MIH的可能性显著更高。MIH的患病率随年龄降低。帕尔拉的居民比马德里自治区其他城市的居民更常患MIH。所研究的其他社会经济因素均与MIH无关。 结论：帕尔拉市居民患MIH的频率较高，该市人均收入较低。在比较母乳喂养儿童中MIH的存在情况时，观察到统计学上的显著差异。然而，逻辑回归并未表明母乳喂养会影响MIH的存在。有必要对MIH可能的社会经济风险因素，如家庭收入，进行进一步研究，以降低这种病理状况的发生率。
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