Campos Pedro P E, Silva-Neto Habdias A, Duarte Lucas C, Petruci João Flávio da Silveira, Coltro Wendell K T
Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goia's, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.
Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil.
Anal Chem. 2025 Jul 29;97(29):15818-15825. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5c01889. Epub 2025 Jul 16.
Ozone is a harmful atmospheric pollutant whose elevated concentrations (i.e., higher than 0.16 mg m) and prolonged exposure cause severe damage to the human respiratory system and negatively affect flora and fauna. Vertical ozone monitoring remains challenging due to the limitations of traditional sensors, which are bulky, expensive, and slow to provide results at the site of interest. To address this problem, there is a critical need for portable technologies that allow for rapid and efficient in situ detection. This study presents, for the first time, the integration of paper-based analytical devices (PADs) with a commercial drone to combine them for remote sampling and ozone colorimetric detection. The PADs were manufactured using a stencil-printing technique on chromatographic paper, with circular vinyl stencil masks (Ø = 5 mm) applied to define the detection areas on the paper. The hydrophobic barrier was created by depositing varnish resin onto the stencil/paper surface, with the masks removed after drying, resulting in PADs ready for use. As proof of concept, the paper detection zone surfaces were impregnated with potassium indigotrisulfonate (ITS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), aiming to sample and detect gaseous ozone. The colorimetric method was performed using a desktop scanner to capture images, which were analyzed by graphical software to evaluate the resulting color intensity that varied from blue to colorless. A commercial ozone generator was used to optimize the method parameters. Parameters such as reaction time, reagent volume, and PEG concentration were optimized, resulting in a linear response range for ozone between 0.9 and 7.6 mg, with an of 0.996, and a limit of detection of approximately 0.25 mg. A customized holder was fabricated by 3D printing to ensure the attachment of PADs on the aerial drone platform. The system successfully monitored tropospheric ozone levels, recording 6.8 ± 0.7 mg during the dry season and 0.9 ± 0.1 mg during wet periods, with an in-flight sampling time of just 120 s. This innovative system has great potential to advance environmental monitoring, offering a portable, low-cost solution for remote and real-time ozone detection.
臭氧是一种有害的大气污染物，其浓度升高（即高于0.16毫克/立方米）且长时间暴露会对人体呼吸系统造成严重损害，并对动植物产生负面影响。由于传统传感器存在体积庞大、成本高昂以及在感兴趣地点提供结果缓慢等局限性，垂直臭氧监测仍然具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题，迫切需要能够实现快速高效现场检测的便携式技术。本研究首次展示了将纸质分析装置（PADs）与商用无人机集成，以将它们用于远程采样和臭氧比色检测。PADs是使用模板印刷技术在色谱纸上制造的，应用圆形乙烯基模板掩膜（直径 = 5毫米）来定义纸上的检测区域。通过在模板/纸表面沉积清漆树脂形成疏水屏障，干燥后去除掩膜，得到可使用的PADs。作为概念验证，在纸质检测区域表面浸渍了靛蓝三磺酸钾（ITS）和聚乙二醇（PEG），旨在对气态臭氧进行采样和检测。比色法使用台式扫描仪捕获图像，通过图形软件对图像进行分析，以评估从蓝色到无色变化的颜色强度。使用商用臭氧发生器优化方法参数。对反应时间、试剂体积和PEG浓度等参数进行了优化，得到臭氧的线性响应范围为0.9至7.6毫克，相关系数为0.996，检测限约为0.25毫克。通过3D打印制作了定制的支架，以确保PADs附着在无人机平台上。该系统成功监测了对流层臭氧水平，旱季记录为6.8±0.7毫克，雨季为0.9±0.1毫克，飞行采样时间仅为120秒。这种创新系统在推进环境监测方面具有巨大潜力，为远程和实时臭氧检测提供了一种便携式、低成本的解决方案。
