Messaoudène Lynda, Arc-Chagnaud Coralie, Renier Floriane, Bretonneau Quentin, Bosquet Laurent, Delpech Nathalie, Enea Carina
Laboratoire MOVE (UR 20296), Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, France.
Laboratoire MOVE (UR 20296), Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, France.
Cryobiology. 2025 Sep;120:105283. doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105283. Epub 2025 Jul 15.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two menstrual cycle (MC) phases - early follicular phase (EFP) and mid-luteal phase (MLP) - on sleep, well-being, and the effects of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) in young female athletes. Core temperature (CT) and heart rate variability (HRV) were also assessed to explore the physiological mechanisms underlying these effects, both under control conditions and after WBC. Using a randomized, controlled, cross-over design, seventeen naturally menstruating women (24 ± 3.3 years) were evaluated over two consecutive cycles (cycle length 21-35 days, positive urinary ovulation test). The experimental cycle included two three-day WBC sessions (3 min at -110 °C) compared to a control cycle without WBC. Subjective and objective sleep quality (SQ), CT, and HRV were measured during both cycles. The MC phase did not significantly affect subjective SQ, but was associated with decreased objective SQ and increased fatigue during the MLP compared to the EFP. The MLP was also characterized by elevated CT and increased sympathetic activity, suggesting impaired nocturnal thermoregulation during this phase. WBC improved objective SQ and perceived fatigue during the MLP and appeared to help restore thermoregulatory function, although sympathetic activity remained elevated. These findings suggest that WBC may be an effective intervention to counteract MC-related impairments in sleep and fatigue in female athletes.
本研究旨在评估两个月经周期阶段——卵泡早期（EFP）和黄体中期（MLP）——对年轻女性运动员睡眠、幸福感的影响，以及全身冷冻刺激（WBC）的效果。还评估了核心体温（CT）和心率变异性（HRV），以探究在对照条件下以及WBC后这些影响背后的生理机制。采用随机、对照、交叉设计，对17名自然月经周期的女性（24±3.3岁）进行了连续两个周期（周期长度21 - 35天，尿排卵试验呈阳性）的评估。与无WBC的对照周期相比，实验周期包括两次为期三天的WBC疗程（-110°C下3分钟）。在两个周期中均测量了主观和客观睡眠质量（SQ）、CT和HRV。月经周期阶段对主观SQ没有显著影响，但与EFP相比，MLP期间客观SQ降低且疲劳感增加有关。MLP的特征还包括CT升高和交感神经活动增加，表明该阶段夜间体温调节受损。WBC改善了MLP期间的客观SQ和感知到的疲劳感，并且似乎有助于恢复体温调节功能，尽管交感神经活动仍然升高。这些发现表明，WBC可能是一种有效的干预措施，可抵消女性运动员与月经周期相关的睡眠和疲劳损伤。
