Can migraine headaches be modified by operant pain techniques?

Migraine headaches are a common problem with many individuals and are usually treated by drug and/or biofeedback therapies. The following case history discussed the implementation of an operant approach to the modification of migraine headache, assumed to be associated with secondary gain and unresponsive to other treatment procedures. The operant program described below resulted in the elimination of head pain behaviors and a correlated increase in prosocial and well behaviors.