Ogieuhi Ikponmwosa Jude, Agbo Chinonyelum Emmanuel, Ajekiigbe Victor Oluwatomiwa, Anthony Chidera Stanley, Onyehalu Jennifer Chinaecherem, Nwankwo Chinemelum Kingsley, Agu Mercy Chisom, Lema Kaleb, Adewole Olajumoke Adesola, Asade Oluwatobi, Eniola Simbiat Quadri, Obiaghanwa Ogochuku Elizabeth, Jeyaraj Sheeba Abraham, Bakare Ifeoluwa Sandra
Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
BMC Endocr Disord. 2025 Jul 16;25(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s12902-025-01997-y.
Diabetes remains one of the significant health struggles worldwide, leading to disability and mortality. There are several types, with Types 1 and 2 representing the majority of cases. Pancreatic beta cells play a key role in glucose control through the secretion of insulin. Insulin, a key player, is under-secreted in diabetes due to autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in type 1 diabetes and exhaustion of beta cell secretion in type 2. Hence, insulin plays a central role in the management of both conditions. Lifestyle modifications and pharmacological agents are significant components of managing diabetes, although they come with limitations; hence, the exploration of stem cells in diabetes management. A thorough literature search was conducted across several databases, identifying randomized and non-randomized controlled trials that utilized stem cells in patients with diabetes. The intervention details, primary and secondary outcomes, key findings, and safety profiles were documented and discussed. We explored key protocols and methods for generating pancreatic beta-like cells from stem cells, as well as the role of specific molecules and pathways in stem cell differentiation. In this paper, we also discuss preclinical animal studies, explore the challenges of immunogenicity, and address ethical concerns that limit the implementation of stem cells in clinical practice. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate conventional insulin therapy, islet transplantation, and stem cell-based approaches. Although stem cells represent a potentially valuable direction, their application clinically remains mainly experimental, and future studies should incorporate larger cohorts, diverse populations with varying comorbidities, and extended follow-up periods to better ascertain their long-term efficacy and safety.
Not applicable
糖尿病仍然是全球重大的健康难题之一，会导致残疾和死亡。糖尿病有多种类型，其中1型和2型占大多数病例。胰腺β细胞通过分泌胰岛素在血糖控制中起关键作用。胰岛素是关键因素，在1型糖尿病中由于β细胞的自身免疫性破坏以及2型糖尿病中β细胞分泌功能的衰竭，导致糖尿病患者体内胰岛素分泌不足。因此，胰岛素在这两种糖尿病的治疗中都起着核心作用。生活方式的改变和药物治疗是糖尿病管理的重要组成部分，尽管它们存在局限性；因此，人们开始探索干细胞在糖尿病治疗中的应用。我们在多个数据库中进行了全面的文献检索，确定了在糖尿病患者中使用干细胞的随机和非随机对照试验。记录并讨论了干预细节、主要和次要结果、关键发现以及安全性概况。我们探索了从干细胞生成胰腺β样细胞的关键方案和方法，以及特定分子和信号通路在干细胞分化中的作用。在本文中，我们还讨论了临床前动物研究，探讨了免疫原性的挑战，并解决了限制干细胞在临床实践中应用的伦理问题。我们进行了一项比较分析，以评估传统胰岛素治疗、胰岛移植和基于干细胞的治疗方法。尽管干细胞代表了一个潜在的有价值的方向，但它们在临床上的应用仍主要处于实验阶段，未来的研究应纳入更大的队列、具有不同合并症的多样化人群以及更长的随访期，以更好地确定它们的长期疗效和安全性。
不适用
