Arnoldini Markus, Sharma Richa, Moresi Claudia, Chure Griffin, Chabbey Julien, Slack Emma, Cremer Jonas
Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
bioRxiv. 2025 Jul 13:2024.01.05.573977. doi: 10.1101/2024.01.05.573977.
Fermentation products released by the gut microbiota provide energy and regulatory functions to the host. Yet, little is known about the magnitude of this metabolic flux and its quantitative dependence on diet and microbiome composition. Here, we establish orthogonal approaches to consistently quantify this flux, integrating data on bacterial metabolism, digestive physiology, and metagenomics. From the nutrients fueling microbiota growth, most carbon ends up in fermentation products and is absorbed by the host. This harvest varies strongly with the amount of complex dietary carbohydrates and is largely independent of bacterial mucin and protein utilization. It covers 2-5% of human energy demand for Western, and up to 10% for non-Western diets. Microbiota composition has little impact on the total harvest but determines the amount of specific fermentation products. This consistent quantification of metabolic fluxes by our analysis framework is crucial to elucidate the gut microbiota's mechanistic functions in health and disease.
肠道微生物群释放的发酵产物为宿主提供能量和调节功能。然而，对于这种代谢通量的规模及其对饮食和微生物组组成的定量依赖性，我们知之甚少。在这里，我们建立了正交方法来持续量化这种通量，整合了细菌代谢、消化生理学和宏基因组学的数据。从为微生物群生长提供燃料的营养素来看，大部分碳最终进入发酵产物并被宿主吸收。这种收获量随复杂膳食碳水化合物的量而强烈变化，并且在很大程度上独立于细菌对粘蛋白和蛋白质的利用。对于西方饮食，它占人类能量需求的2-5%，对于非西方饮食则高达10%。微生物群组成对总收获量影响不大，但决定了特定发酵产物的量。我们的分析框架对这种代谢通量的一致量化对于阐明肠道微生物群在健康和疾病中的机制功能至关重要。
