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强化率对多重计划中目标导向和习惯选择的影响。

Effect of the reinforcement rate on goal-directed and habitual choices in a multiple schedule.

作者信息

Hu Ting, Fujimaki Shun, Kawarada Hiroto, Kosaki Yutaka

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.

Research Institute for Letters, Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.

出版信息

Front Psychol. 2025 Jul 2;16:1601901. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1601901. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

Voluntary behaviors can be either goal-directed, sensitive to changes in their consequences, or habitual, lacking such sensitivity. In this study, we conducted three experiments to investigate how forced-choice training influences goal-directed and habitual processes under varying reinforcement rates. In all experiments, rats received 15 training sessions on a two-component multiple schedule with two sequentially inserted levers. In Experiment 1, identical variable interval (VI) 15-s schedules were used across components for Group Rich and VI 90-s schedules for Group Lean, yielding different behavioral outcomes. Following taste aversion for one outcome, Group Lean reduced performance (i.e., goal-directed action) during an extinction test, while Group Rich did not (i.e., habit). Experiment 2 addressed differential outcome exposure by reversing training conditions: Group Rich received numerous outcomes equivalent to Group Lean in Experiment 1, and vice versa. The devaluation effects were evident in both groups. Using the same outcome across components, Experiment 3 trained rats on a multiple VI 15-s VI 90-s schedule to further clarify the role of response-outcome pairings while controlling for the total amount of outcome exposure. Although the VI 15-s component produced fewer outcomes, it led to stronger devaluation effects and residual responding. The most important finding of this study is that alternating R-O contingencies in a multiple schedule under lean reinforcement conditions consistently sustain goal-directed control even after extensive training, while richer conditions promote a shift to habitual control. These findings are discussed within a dual-system model framework in a molar context, hypothesizing that both goal-directed and habitual strength may grow more rapidly with higher reinforcement rates.

摘要

自愿行为可以是目标导向的,对其后果的变化敏感,也可以是习惯性的,缺乏这种敏感性。在本研究中,我们进行了三项实验,以研究在不同强化率下,强制选择训练如何影响目标导向和习惯化过程。在所有实验中,大鼠在一个双成分多重时间表上接受15次训练,该时间表有两个依次插入的杠杆。在实验1中,富强化组的两个成分均采用相同的可变间隔(VI)15秒时间表,贫强化组采用VI 90秒时间表,产生了不同的行为结果。在对一种结果产生味觉厌恶后,贫强化组在消退测试中表现下降(即目标导向行为),而富强化组则没有(即习惯行为)。实验2通过颠倒训练条件来解决不同结果暴露的问题:富强化组接受了与实验1中贫强化组数量相当的多种结果,反之亦然。两组均出现了贬值效应。在实验3中采用各成分相同的结果,让大鼠在VI 15秒-VI 90秒的多重时间表上进行训练,以进一步阐明反应-结果配对的作用,同时控制结果暴露的总量。尽管VI 15秒成分产生的结果较少,但它导致了更强的贬值效应和残留反应。本研究最重要的发现是,在贫强化条件下的多重时间表中交替的反应-结果 contingency 即使在经过广泛训练后也能持续维持目标导向控制,而更丰富的条件则促进向习惯控制的转变。这些发现是在一个整体背景下的双系统模型框架内进行讨论的,假设目标导向和习惯强度可能都随着更高的强化率而增长得更快。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/29af/12263642/4fd8ce263938/fpsyg-16-1601901-g001.jpg

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