Highly Efficient Catalysis of Sulfur Reduction Reaction: 3d-Based Catalysts.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), with their high energy density compared to lithium-ion batteries, are now strong candidates for next-generation energy storage systems. However, insufficient redox kinetics leads to shuttle effect and lithium dendrites, which hinder their commercial application. In this paper, the latest progress of 3d-based materials such as copper, zinc and their composites as cathode materials for LSBs is discussed, and the kinetics of polysulfide reduction catalyzed by copper-zinc-based materials and the mechanism of restraining shuttle effect are discussed in detail. Several strategies for the rational design of 3d-based catalysts to improve the polysulfide reduction reaction are summarized. Finally, we summarize the challenges faced by 3d-based materials in LSBs applications and present an outlook to improve the reference for the design of next-generation LSBs materials.