Zubair Muhammad, Mujahid Maria, Shahzad Sohail, Rauf Zahid, Hussain Ajaz, Ayyash Mutamed, Ullah Aman
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Lab# 540, South Academic Building University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Aug;320(Pt 3):146070. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146070. Epub 2025 Jul 15.
Proteins-based films and coatings offer an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based materials for food packaging applications. These protein-based materials can be extracted from renewable sources, both plant and animal, including soy proteins, whey proteins, corn zein, collagen, and gelatin. As biodegradable and functional food packaging solutions, protein-based films and coatings meet the growing demand for eco-conscious packaging options. These materials boast several benefits, such as effective water and gas barrier properties and the ability to incorporate active ingredients like antimicrobials, oxygen and ethylene scavengers, and antioxidants. These features contribute to extending food shelf life and reducing spoilage. However, protein-based films and coatings face challenges, including sensitivity to moisture and brittleness. These issues can be mitigated through the use of plasticizers, crosslinkers, and nanoparticles. Functionalization of protein-based materials allows them to respond to environmental factors such as pH, temperature, moisture, and gas release, enabling real-time quality monitoring of packaged food. Recent advancements in fabrication techniques have led to improvements in the physicochemical properties of these materials, including enhanced mechanical and barrier characteristics, as well as increased scalability. This review provides an overview of recent research on food packaging applications using plant and animal-derived films and coatings. It examines various characteristics of protein-based films and coatings, as well as the different methods used to process them. The review also explores the life cycle assessment of bio-based materials. The review concludes by addressing current challenges and prospects associated with protein-based materials.
基于蛋白质的薄膜和涂层为食品包装应用提供了一种环保且可持续的替代传统石油基材料的选择。这些基于蛋白质的材料可以从可再生资源中提取，包括植物和动物来源，如大豆蛋白、乳清蛋白、玉米醇溶蛋白、胶原蛋白和明胶。作为可生物降解的功能性食品包装解决方案，基于蛋白质的薄膜和涂层满足了对注重环保的包装选择日益增长的需求。这些材料具有多种优点，如有效的水和气体阻隔性能，以及能够加入抗菌剂、氧气和乙烯清除剂、抗氧化剂等活性成分。这些特性有助于延长食品保质期并减少变质。然而，基于蛋白质的薄膜和涂层面临挑战，包括对水分敏感和脆性。这些问题可以通过使用增塑剂、交联剂和纳米颗粒来缓解。基于蛋白质的材料的功能化使其能够对pH值、温度、湿度和气体释放等环境因素做出反应，从而实现对包装食品的实时质量监测。制造技术的最新进展已使这些材料的物理化学性质得到改善，包括增强的机械和阻隔特性，以及提高的可扩展性。本综述概述了近期关于使用植物和动物源薄膜及涂层的食品包装应用的研究。它研究了基于蛋白质的薄膜和涂层的各种特性，以及用于加工它们的不同方法。该综述还探讨了生物基材料的生命周期评估。综述最后讨论了与基于蛋白质的材料相关当前挑战和前景。
