Tankova Hristina
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Front Dent Med. 2025 Jul 3;6:1638435. doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1638435. eCollection 2025.
The oral cavity is home to hundreds of distinct microbial species, and specific periodontal pathogens are isolated from different ecological niches. Present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of gingival inflammation and the presence of subgingival microorganisms in children with dental biofilm induced gingivitis.
The study included 30 children aged 12-14 years, divided into two groups based on the extent of gingival inflammation: -16 children with BOP up to 30%; -14 children with BOP over 30%. All children were interviewed to assess oral hygiene habits. Clinical examination was performed using an electronic periodontal probe, and the following were recorded: oral hygiene status (FMPS) and gingival status through BOP and SBI. For quantitative assessment of subgingival periodontopathogens, a genetic method - PCR-Real Time was used, and the following microorganisms were examined: , , , , , , , , . The critical significance level for testing the null hypothesis was set at = 0.05, corresponding to a 95% confidence level.
The majority of children showed improper oral hygiene habits. Children with generalized gingival inflammation had significantly higher plaque accumulation index values compared to those with localized inflammation. In children with generalized gingival inflammation, the quantities of all isolated periodontopathogens were higher compared to those with localized inflammation, which was also confirmed regarding the overall microbial load. was not isolated in children with localized gingival inflammation, while was isolated in significantly lower quantities compared to generalized inflammation. and were isolated in significantly higher quantities in more severe gingival inflammation. In children with localized gingival inflammation, combinations of an average of 2 microorganisms were found in microbial complexes, while in children with generalized inflammation, microorganisms were twice as many and in more complex combinations.
The microbial diversity within the subgingival biofilm significantly increases with disease severity, providing further evidence for the critical role of microbial ecology in the pathogenesis of gingival inflammation in children.
口腔中存在数百种不同的微生物物种，特定的牙周病原体可从不同的生态位中分离出来。本研究旨在调查牙菌斑诱导性牙龈炎患儿牙龈炎症严重程度与龈下微生物存在情况之间的关系。
该研究纳入了30名12至14岁的儿童，根据牙龈炎症程度分为两组：- 探诊出血（BOP）达30%的16名儿童；- BOP超过30%的14名儿童。对所有儿童进行访谈以评估口腔卫生习惯。使用电子牙周探针进行临床检查，并记录以下内容：口腔卫生状况（FMPS）以及通过BOP和龈沟出血指数（SBI）评估的牙龈状况。为了对龈下牙周病原体进行定量评估，采用了一种基因方法——实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR-Real Time），并检测了以下微生物：[此处原文未列出具体微生物名称]。检验零假设的临界显著性水平设定为α = 0.05，对应95%的置信水平。
大多数儿童表现出不良的口腔卫生习惯。与局限性炎症患儿相比，广泛性牙龈炎症患儿的菌斑堆积指数值显著更高。在广泛性牙龈炎症患儿中，所有分离出的牙周病原体数量均高于局限性炎症患儿，整体微生物负荷情况也得到了证实。局限性牙龈炎症患儿未分离出[此处原文未列出具体微生物名称]，而与广泛性炎症相比，其分离量显著更低。在更严重的牙龈炎症中，[此处原文未列出具体微生物名称]和[此处原文未列出具体微生物名称]的分离量显著更高。在局限性牙龈炎症患儿中，微生物复合体中平均发现2种微生物组合，而在广泛性炎症患儿中，微生物数量是前者的两倍，且组合更为复杂。
龈下生物膜内的微生物多样性随疾病严重程度显著增加，为微生物生态学在儿童牙龈炎症发病机制中的关键作用提供了进一步证据。
