Lähteenmäki Emilia Ilona, Lehti Satu, Jauhiainen Matti, Kankaanpää Anna, Soliymani Rabah, Baumann Marc, Ruhanen Hanna, Käkelä Reijo, Vaara Jani, Laakkonen Eija Katariina, Öörni Katariina, Kyröläinen Heikki, Lehti Maarit
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Aug 1;329(2):E367-E380. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00130.2025. Epub 2025 Jul 18.
Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has cardiometabolic protecting properties, interventions to raise HDL cholesterol concentration have failed to improve cardiometabolic health. Hence, HDL composition and functionality might be key factors in its anti-atherogenic capacity. Alterations in HDL composition have been linked to pathophysiological states, whereas endurance training is known to increase HDL concentration with a shift toward bigger particle sizes, but its effect on the HDL composition is not well understood. Therefore, we selected subjects with the highest and the lowest aerobic fitness from a study group resembling population and compared HDL protein and lipid composition and serum metabolic profiles using mass spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methodologies. High aerobic fitness and normal body composition were associated with elevated proportion of cholesteryl esters suggesting improved cholesterol metabolism. Low aerobic fitness and elevated amount of adipose tissue increased the proportion of phospholipids in HDL, whereas elevated proportion of triacylglycerols was associated only with higher adiposity level, suggesting modulations in particle surface fluidity and tendency for particle catabolism. Serum metabolic profiles supported the observations highlighting differences in the concentration of large HDL particles, very-low-density lipoprotein, and serum triacylglycerols between the groups. Higher adipose tissue level increased proteins related to inflammation and hemostasis in HDL, whereas normal body composition was linked to increased amounts of apolipoprotein A-II and C-II suggesting improved HDL composition. Results suggest that high aerobic fitness and normal body composition have positive effects on HDL composition through reduced inflammation and better serum lipid homeostasis. High aerobic fitness is linked to elevated HDL concentration and a shift toward bigger particle sizes, but its effect on the HDL composition is not well understood. For the first time, this study compared HDL lipid and proteomic compositions between two groups with differences in aerobic fitness level and body composition. The findings suggest positive modulations in HDL composition due to regular physical activity associated with better body composition, inflammation status, and serum lipid homeostasis.
尽管高密度脂蛋白（HDL）具有心脏代谢保护特性，但旨在提高HDL胆固醇浓度的干预措施未能改善心脏代谢健康。因此，HDL的组成和功能可能是其抗动脉粥样硬化能力的关键因素。HDL组成的改变与病理生理状态有关，而耐力训练已知可增加HDL浓度，并使颗粒尺寸向更大方向转变，但其对HDL组成的影响尚不清楚。因此，我们从一个类似人群的研究组中挑选出有氧适能最高和最低的受试者，并使用质谱、薄层色谱和核磁共振光谱方法比较了HDL的蛋白质和脂质组成以及血清代谢谱。高有氧适能和正常身体组成与胆固醇酯比例升高有关，提示胆固醇代谢改善。低有氧适能和脂肪组织量增加会使HDL中磷脂比例升高，而三酰甘油比例升高仅与较高的肥胖水平相关，提示颗粒表面流动性和颗粒分解代谢倾向的调节。血清代谢谱支持了这些观察结果，突出了两组之间大HDL颗粒、极低密度脂蛋白和血清三酰甘油浓度的差异。较高的脂肪组织水平增加了HDL中与炎症和止血相关的蛋白质，而正常身体组成与载脂蛋白A-II和C-II含量增加有关，提示HDL组成改善。结果表明，高有氧适能和正常身体组成通过减轻炎症和改善血清脂质稳态对HDL组成产生积极影响。高有氧适能与HDL浓度升高和颗粒尺寸向更大方向转变有关，但其对HDL组成的影响尚不清楚。本研究首次比较了有氧适能水平和身体组成不同的两组之间的HDL脂质和蛋白质组组成。研究结果表明，由于规律的体育活动与更好的身体组成、炎症状态和血清脂质稳态相关，HDL组成受到积极调节。
