Gombas Stephanie A, Moran Erin K, Barch Deanna M
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63130, United States.
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63130, United States.
Psychiatry Res. 2025 Jul 8;351:116628. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116628.
Cognitive impairments are common across mood and psychotic disorders; however, it is unclear whether different diagnoses show the same level of impairment. Further, it is unclear whether cognition is related to similar symptom domains across diagnostic groups. Differences in working memory, processing speed, vocabulary, and cognitive control were examined in schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and healthy controls (HC). We examined relationships between these cognitive domains and the symptom domains of psychosis, negative symptoms, disorganization, and depression. In regards to group differences in cognition, people with SCZ showed reductions across all cognitive domains examined relative to HC, BD, and MDD. MDD showed no group differences in any domain relative to HC. BD showed reductions in cognitive control relative to HC. In SCZ, processing speed and vocabulary were significantly related to negative symptoms and working memory showed a strong trend in relation to negative symptoms as well. However, in BD, negative symptoms were only related to cognitive control. There were no correlations between other major symptom domains and cognition in any patient group. While different diagnostic groups may share some cognitive deficits, cognitive functioning does not have the same relationships to symptoms across diagnoses.
认知障碍在情绪和精神障碍中很常见；然而，尚不清楚不同的诊断是否显示出相同程度的损害。此外，尚不清楚认知是否与不同诊断组中的相似症状领域相关。我们对精神分裂症/分裂情感性障碍（SCZ）、双相情感障碍（BD）、重度抑郁症（MDD）和健康对照（HC）的工作记忆、处理速度、词汇和认知控制差异进行了研究。我们考察了这些认知领域与精神病性症状、阴性症状、紊乱和抑郁症状领域之间的关系。关于认知的组间差异，与HC、BD和MDD相比，SCZ患者在所有检测的认知领域均表现出下降。与HC相比，MDD在任何领域均无组间差异。与HC相比，BD的认知控制能力下降。在SCZ中，处理速度和词汇与阴性症状显著相关，工作记忆与阴性症状也有很强的相关性趋势。然而，在BD中，阴性症状仅与认知控制有关。在任何患者组中，其他主要症状领域与认知之间均无相关性。虽然不同的诊断组可能存在一些共同的认知缺陷，但认知功能与不同诊断中的症状之间的关系并不相同。
