Walker Jesse H, Venta Amanda
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
J Clin Psychol. 2025 Nov;81(11):1057-1069. doi: 10.1002/jclp.70014. Epub 2025 Jul 19.
The COVID-19 pandemic had damaging effects on the US economy and mental health. Evidence suggests members of minoritized groups were particularly susceptible to mental health problems and COVID-19 related financial hardships. However, there is evidence such groups may have been resilient to these stressors. To examine relations between COVID-19 related financial stress and mental health across demographic lines, the current study computed a cross-sectional multivariate model using nationally representative data from the US Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey (n = 60,826) investigating COVID-19 impacts. Models demonstrated significant main effects of financial stress and race/ethnicity, and a significant interaction of both variables on mental health, with increased financial stress associated with poorer mental health, and identification as Black, Asian, or Hispanic related to fewer mental health difficulties. The interaction effect revealed Black and Hispanic participants reported greater financial stress with lower anxiety and depression. Findings support that the relations between COVID-19 related financial stress and mental health may depend on demographic differences. Identification as Black or Hispanic appeared to increase risk for COVID-19 related financial stress but not mental health difficulties, suggesting participants who identified as Black or Hispanic showed relative protection from the deleterious mental health effects of financial stress. No such findings were observed for sexual orientation nor gender identity.
新冠疫情对美国经济和心理健康产生了破坏性影响。有证据表明，少数族裔群体成员尤其容易出现心理健康问题以及与新冠疫情相关的经济困难。然而，有证据显示这些群体可能对这些压力源具有韧性。为了研究跨人口群体的与新冠疫情相关的经济压力和心理健康之间的关系，本研究使用美国人口普查局家庭脉搏调查的全国代表性数据（n = 60,826）计算了一个横断面多变量模型，该调查旨在探究新冠疫情的影响。模型显示经济压力和种族/族裔存在显著的主效应，且这两个变量对心理健康存在显著的交互作用，经济压力增加与心理健康状况较差相关，而被认定为黑人、亚裔或西班牙裔与较少的心理健康问题相关。交互效应表明，黑人和西班牙裔参与者报告的经济压力更大，但焦虑和抑郁程度较低。研究结果支持，与新冠疫情相关的经济压力和心理健康之间的关系可能取决于人口统计学差异。被认定为黑人或西班牙裔似乎会增加与新冠疫情相关的经济压力风险，但不会增加心理健康问题风险，这表明被认定为黑人或西班牙裔的参与者在一定程度上免受了经济压力对心理健康的有害影响。在性取向和性别认同方面未观察到此类结果。
