Işık Sefa, Sülük Kemal, Moreira Juan, Topalcengiz Zeynal
Department of Food Processing, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, 49250, Muş, Türkiye.
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Muş Alparslan University, 49250, Muş, Türkiye.
Food Microbiol. 2025 Dec;132:104842. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2025.104842. Epub 2025 Jun 17.
Transfer of pathogens to microgreens may occur due to the use of contaminated materials used during growth. The aim of this study was to assess contamination risk of microgreens from solid and vermicompost (extract) tea compositions containing cattle, sheep, and poultry manures. Pasteurized vermicompost compositions and non-aerated vermicompost teas were produced with composted cattle, sheep, and poultry feces. Separate ampicillin (Amp) resistant cocktails (3-strains/cocktail) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica and non-resistant Listeria monocytogenes were inoculated (10-10 CFU/g) into solid vermicompost and vermicompost tea for storage at room temperature up to 28 days. Radish microgreens were grown in vermicompost and in inoculated perlite mixture (1:1) and diluted (1:1) vermicompost tea-soaked perlite as soilless substrate (n = 4). Pathogen persistence was not affected by vermicompost compositions made of different animal manures (P > 0.05). Similar survival trends were observed for E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica in all vermicompost samples. Over the 28-day storage, E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica populations declined between 4.5 and 5.7 log CFU/g in solid vermicompost compositions, and 3.9 and 5.9 log CFU/g in prepared vermicompost teas, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). Reduction in L. monocytogenes populations were ≤1.8 log CFU/g in all vermicompost preparations. Pathogen populations transferred to microgreens from vermicompost and perlite mixture and vermicompost tea-soaked perlite ranged from 5.6 ± 1.0 to 7.1 ± 0.1 log CFU/g. The use of contaminated or inadequately pasteurized solid vermicompost and derived vermicompost teas made of animal feces could pose a high risk for contamination of microgreens.
在微 greens 生长过程中，由于使用了受污染的材料，病原体可能会转移到微 greens 上。本研究的目的是评估含有牛、羊和家禽粪便的固体和蚯蚓堆肥（提取物）茶成分对微 greens 的污染风险。用堆肥的牛、羊和家禽粪便制作了巴氏杀菌蚯蚓堆肥成分和未曝气的蚯蚓堆肥茶。将单独的耐氨苄青霉素（Amp）的大肠杆菌O157:H7和肠炎沙门氏菌鸡尾酒（3株/鸡尾酒）以及无抗性的单核细胞增生李斯特菌接种（10-10 CFU/g）到固体蚯蚓堆肥和蚯蚓堆肥茶中，在室温下储存长达28天。萝卜微 greens 在蚯蚓堆肥、接种的珍珠岩混合物（1:1）和稀释（1:1）的蚯蚓堆肥茶浸泡的珍珠岩中生长，作为无土基质（n = 4）。病原体的持久性不受不同动物粪便制成的蚯蚓堆肥成分的影响（P > 0.05）。在所有蚯蚓堆肥样品中，大肠杆菌O157:H7和肠炎沙门氏菌观察到相似的存活趋势。在28天的储存期内，固体蚯蚓堆肥成分中大肠杆菌O157:H7和肠炎沙门氏菌的数量分别下降了4.5至5.7 log CFU/g，在制备的蚯蚓堆肥茶中分别下降了3.9至5.9 log CFU/g（P≤0.05）。在所有蚯蚓堆肥制剂中，单核细胞增生李斯特菌数量的减少≤1.8 log CFU/g。从蚯蚓堆肥和珍珠岩混合物以及蚯蚓堆肥茶浸泡的珍珠岩转移到微 greens 上的病原体数量范围为5.6±1.0至7.1±0.1 log CFU/g。使用受污染或巴氏杀菌不充分的固体蚯蚓堆肥以及由动物粪便制成的衍生蚯蚓堆肥茶可能会对微 greens 的污染构成高风险。
