Mak Mark C W, Bishop Chris, Beato Marco
School of Health and Sports Science, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom.
London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom.
J Strength Cond Res. 2025 Jun 30;39(7):e930-e948. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000005146.
Mak, MCW, Bishop, C, and Beato, M. Validity and reliability of flywheel resistance technology as an assessment method and its association with sports performance and asymmetry: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 39(7): e930-e948, 2025-Flywheel technology is commonly used in training but remains underused for monitoring and testing. Flywheel devices can provide valuable data from mechanical outputs during both concentric and eccentric movements. This systematic review assesses its validity and reliability for evaluating sports performance and limb asymmetry. Searches were conducted in PubMed, SPORT-Discus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science following PRISMA DTA guidelines, focusing on keywords related to flywheel testing. Results show that flywheel testing is reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.66-0.99, r = 0.69-0.97, α = 0.85-0.98) and valid for the athletic population when subjects undergo 2 familiarization sessions. The test can be conducted using rotary encoders, force plates, linear encoders, or inertial measurement units. Subjects may perform 1-2 prerepetitions followed by 5-10 recording repetitions with 1-4 sets and 2-3 minutes of rest between sets. Moment of inertia can be customized based on the athlete's experience and the type of flywheel device used. Key metrics for assessment encompass speed, force, and power, with peak power being the most commonly used parameter. Few samples of evidence showed that increased asymmetry in concentric power may negatively affect change of direction performance, emphasizing the need for more high-quality studies. In conclusion, flywheel technology offers valuable insights across various movements, providing strength and power assessment while potentially improving athletic performance and injury prevention. Continued research is vital to explore its effectiveness in diverse athletic contexts.
麦，MCW、毕晓普，C和贝托，M。飞轮阻力技术作为一种评估方法的有效性和可靠性及其与运动表现和不对称性的关联：一项系统评价。《力量与体能研究杂志》39(7): e930 - e948，2025年 - 飞轮技术在训练中常用，但在监测和测试方面仍未得到充分利用。飞轮装置可以在向心和离心运动过程中从机械输出提供有价值的数据。本系统评价评估其在评估运动表现和肢体不对称性方面的有效性和可靠性。按照PRISMA DTA指南在PubMed、SPORT - Discus、谷歌学术和科学网进行了检索，重点关注与飞轮测试相关的关键词。结果表明，当受试者进行2次熟悉训练时，飞轮测试对于运动员群体是可靠的（组内相关系数 = 0.66 - 0.99，r = 0.69 - 0.97，α = 0.85 - 0.98）且有效。该测试可以使用旋转编码器、测力板、线性编码器或惯性测量单元进行。受试者可以先进行1 - 2次预重复，然后进行5 - 10次记录重复，共1 - 4组，每组之间休息2 - 3分钟。转动惯量可以根据运动员的经验和所使用的飞轮装置类型进行定制。评估的关键指标包括速度、力量和功率，其中峰值功率是最常用的参数。少数证据样本表明，向心功率不对称性增加可能对变向表现产生负面影响，强调需要更多高质量研究。总之，飞轮技术在各种运动中提供了有价值的见解，可进行力量和功率评估，同时可能改善运动表现和预防损伤。持续的研究对于探索其在不同运动环境中的有效性至关重要。
