Benedetti Jaqueline Elisa Verardo, Pizzutti Kauana, Mott Mariana Preussler, Vieira Pedro Uriel Pedrotti, Bruscato Neide Maria, Moriguchi Emilio Hideyuki, Dalla Corte Roberta Rigo, Santana João Carlos Batista, Dias Cícero
Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Diagnósticos, Programa de Pós Graduação Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2025 Jul 22;20(7):e0328516. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0328516. eCollection 2025.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is considered one of the main agents for pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia, sinusitis, and acute otitis media (AOM)especially in children under 5 years, and a cause for morbidity and mortality due to respiratory infections worldwide. Our aim was to investigate the influence of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in vaccinated children regarding infections in a one-year follow-up.
A double-blind, observational, prospective cohort study was conducted on children aged 18-59 months, vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 10 (PCV10) or pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 (PCV13). A total of 225 children were monitored, with different dates of entry into the study, which occurred between March 2018 and October 2019 (zero time). At the end of one year, counting from the date of entry, interviews and data collection took place in medical records (end of follow-up). The Poisson regression with robust variance and Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests were used for qualitative analyses; Mann-Whitney or Friedman tests for quantitative analyses.
A high colonization rate (64.4%) was observed, with only 2.8% of carriers having a PCV10 vaccine serotype, specifically 6B, as expected. Being male showed association to colonization (p = 0.05). We found that children colonized by pneumococcus do not have an increased risk for respiratory diseases or antimicrobial use. Exception was only observed in cases of serotype 6B colonization, showing association with pneumonia in children under 2 years (p = 0.016).
Our study reveals that the carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae does not appear to significantly impact the incidence of respiratory diseases in a fully-vaccinated children population. However, it is noteworthy that a correlation was observed in the occurrence of pneumonia in children under the age of 2 when colonized by serotype 6B.
肺炎链球菌被认为是肺炎、脑膜炎、菌血症、鼻窦炎和急性中耳炎（AOM）的主要病原体之一，尤其是在5岁以下儿童中，并且是全球范围内导致呼吸道感染发病和死亡的原因。我们的目的是在一年的随访中研究肺炎链球菌定植对接种疫苗儿童感染情况的影响。
对18 - 59个月大、接种了10价肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV10）或13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV13）的儿童进行了一项双盲、观察性、前瞻性队列研究。总共监测了225名儿童，他们在2018年3月至2019年10月（零时间）之间不同日期进入研究。从进入日期开始计算，在一年结束时，通过病历进行访谈和数据收集（随访结束）。采用具有稳健方差的泊松回归以及卡方检验或费舍尔精确检验进行定性分析；采用曼 - 惠特尼检验或弗里德曼检验进行定量分析。
观察到较高的定植率（64.4%），正如预期的那样，只有2.8%的携带者具有PCV10疫苗血清型，具体为6B型。男性与定植存在关联（p = 0.05）。我们发现肺炎球菌定植的儿童患呼吸道疾病或使用抗菌药物的风险没有增加。仅在6B型血清型定植的病例中观察到例外情况，显示与2岁以下儿童的肺炎有关联（p = 0.016）。
我们的研究表明，在完全接种疫苗的儿童群体中，肺炎链球菌的携带似乎并未对呼吸道疾病的发病率产生显著影响。然而，值得注意的是，当2岁以下儿童被6B型血清型定植时，观察到与肺炎的发生存在相关性。
