Verma Akshay, Dhiman Pooja, Peñas Alberto García-, Sharma Gaurav
International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, H.P, India.
Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química, IAAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Sep;321(Pt 1):146186. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146186. Epub 2025 Jul 20.
The increasing discharge of synthetic dyes into aquatic environments has become a primary environmental concern because of their toxic nature, high chemical stability, and resistance to conventional treatment methods. This study presents the development of an innovative biodegradable nanocomposite (AC/PAAm-cl-XG) synthesized by integrating activated carbon (AC), polyacrylamide (PAAm), and xanthan gum (XG) into a multifunctional structure. The synergistic combination of AC's high surface area, PAAm's structural stability, and XG's biocompatibility and functional groups resulted in enhanced adsorption performance and environmental compatibility. Comprehensive characterization using XRD, FTIR, SEM, TGA, and BET analysis verified successful synthesis and desirable surface properties of the nanocomposite. The batch adsorption experiments were carried out to assess how different parameters like pH (3-9), adsorbent dosage (10-50 mg), initial dye concentration (10-100 mg/L), contact time (0-240 min), and temperature (25-55 °C) influenced adsorption performance. The adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption, with a maximum capacity of 1094.2 mg/g, surpassing many previously reported AC and XG-based adsorbents. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption process adhered to the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that chemisorption played a dominant role. The evaluation of thermodynamic parameters indicated that adsorption was both spontaneous and exothermic. The nanocomposite exhibited strong reusability, maintaining 81.46 % of its dye removal efficiency after four consecutive cycles. Overall, the findings highlight AC/PAAm-cl-XG nanocomposite as a biodegradable, economical, and efficient adsorbent with significant potential for dye removal, supporting the development of sustainable water treatment solutions.
合成染料向水生环境中的排放日益增加，由于其毒性、高化学稳定性以及对传统处理方法的抗性，已成为主要的环境问题。本研究展示了一种创新的可生物降解纳米复合材料（AC/PAAm-cl-XG）的开发，该材料通过将活性炭（AC）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAAm）和黄原胶（XG）整合到一个多功能结构中合成。AC的高比表面积、PAAm的结构稳定性以及XG的生物相容性和官能团的协同组合，导致吸附性能增强且环境兼容性良好。使用XRD、FTIR、SEM、TGA和BET分析进行的综合表征验证了纳米复合材料的成功合成及其理想的表面性质。进行了批量吸附实验，以评估不同参数如pH值（3 - 9）、吸附剂用量（10 - 50 mg）、初始染料浓度（10 - 100 mg/L）、接触时间（0 - 240分钟）和温度（25 - 55°C）如何影响吸附性能。吸附遵循朗缪尔等温线模型，表明为单层吸附，最大吸附容量为1094.2 mg/g，超过了许多先前报道的基于AC和XG的吸附剂。动力学分析表明吸附过程符合准二级模型，这表明化学吸附起主导作用。热力学参数的评估表明吸附是自发且放热的。该纳米复合材料表现出很强的可重复使用性，在连续四个循环后仍保持其染料去除效率的81.46%。总体而言，研究结果突出了AC/PAAm-cl-XG纳米复合材料作为一种可生物降解、经济且高效的吸附剂，在染料去除方面具有巨大潜力，为可持续水处理解决方案的开发提供了支持。
