Huang Qin-Yuan, Zhou Zi-Yan, Zhang Yi-Le, Zhou Yang, Duan Shi-Wei, Dong Jing-Yin
Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2025 Jul 11. doi: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2025.07.001.
Transfer RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) is a novel class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that are generated through precise enzymatic cleavage of mature tRNAs or their precursor molecules. These tsRNAs play a pivotal role in regulating cellular processes such as protein synthesis, translation, and gene expression networks. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the functional characteristics of 24 tsRNAs, highlighting significant changes in their expression profiles across various liver diseases. Notably, 13 tsRNAs are upregulated, while 4 are downregulated in liver diseases compared to healthy controls, providing new insights into their biological roles. A major focus of this review is the latest research on the involvement of tsRNAs in a range of liver diseases, including hepatitis B and C, alcoholic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review explored how altered expression of tsRNAs in these conditions contributes to disease progression, along with the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Beyond their molecular roles, this review also examined the potential of tsRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver diseases. Due to their unique biological characteristics and functional versatility, tsRNAs hold promise as therapeutic targets in precision medicine. By highlighting their potential for developing more effective, targeted therapies, this review paves the way for future clinical applications of tsRNAs in liver disease treatment.
转运RNA衍生的小RNA（tsRNA）是一类新型的小非编码RNA（sncRNA），它们通过成熟tRNA或其前体分子的精确酶切产生。这些tsRNA在调节细胞过程中发挥关键作用，如蛋白质合成、翻译和基因表达网络。本综述全面概述了24种tsRNA的功能特征，突出了它们在各种肝脏疾病中的表达谱的显著变化。值得注意的是，与健康对照相比，13种tsRNA在肝脏疾病中上调，4种下调，这为它们的生物学作用提供了新的见解。本综述的一个主要重点是tsRNA参与一系列肝脏疾病的最新研究，包括乙型和丙型肝炎、酒精性肝病、代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病（MASLD，或非酒精性脂肪性肝病，NAFLD）和肝细胞癌（HCC）。本综述探讨了这些情况下tsRNA表达的改变如何促进疾病进展以及潜在的调控机制。除了它们的分子作用外，本综述还研究了tsRNA作为肝脏疾病诊断和预后生物标志物的潜力。由于其独特的生物学特性和功能多样性，tsRNA有望成为精准医学中的治疗靶点。通过强调它们在开发更有效、靶向治疗方面的潜力，本综述为tsRNA在肝脏疾病治疗中的未来临床应用铺平了道路。
