Shi Yurong, Zhang Ju, Duan Wenxuan, Gao Linghan, Liu Yang
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
Eye Vis (Lond). 2025 Jul 23;12(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s40662-025-00445-1.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, are multifunctional growth factors predominantly distributed in human bone tissue. Some studies also have revealed that BMPs are widely expressed in ocular tissues. Over the past two decades, research on the therapeutic application of BMPs has yielded significant advancements not only in the treatment of skeletal, cardiac, renal and neurological diseases but also in ocular conditions. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated the significant therapeutic efficacy of BMPs in various ocular disorders, including myopia, corneal opacity, cataract, uveal melanoma, retinal detachment and other eye diseases. Studies have further identified that BMPs exert their actions through mechanisms closely associated with the canonical Smad pathway. Compared to traditional therapeutic drugs, BMPs exhibit some advantages, including low toxicity, minimal side effects, amongst others. However, numerous unresolved issues persist during in vivo and in vitro experiments. The objective of this review is to explore the advancements in the application of BMPs for the treatment of ocular diseases in animal models or in vitro experiments, and to provide some insights into the challenges that need to be addressed for the translation of BMP-based therapies into clinical practice.
骨形态发生蛋白（BMPs）属于转化生长因子β（TGF-β）家族，是主要分布于人体骨组织中的多功能生长因子。一些研究还表明，BMPs在眼组织中广泛表达。在过去二十年中，关于BMPs治疗应用的研究不仅在骨骼、心脏、肾脏和神经疾病的治疗方面取得了重大进展，在眼部疾病治疗方面也有显著成果。体内和体外实验均已证明BMPs在各种眼部疾病中具有显著的治疗效果，包括近视、角膜混浊、白内障、葡萄膜黑色素瘤、视网膜脱离及其他眼部疾病。研究进一步发现，BMPs通过与经典Smad途径密切相关的机制发挥作用。与传统治疗药物相比，BMPs具有一些优势，包括低毒性、副作用小等。然而，在体内和体外实验过程中仍存在许多未解决的问题。本综述的目的是探讨BMPs在动物模型或体外实验中治疗眼部疾病应用方面的进展，并为将基于BMPs的疗法转化为临床实践需要解决的挑战提供一些见解。
