Lafi Zainab, Asha Sherine, Asha Sara Yousef
Department of pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.
Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2025 Aug;20(16):2023-2041. doi: 10.1080/17435889.2025.2535940. Epub 2025 Jul 23.
Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a number of disorders that share a core pathological feature of progressive neuronal damage and loss. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates, leading to significant motor deficits. The current limitations in early diagnosis and targeted treatment present a critical need for innovative approaches. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNPs), such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and fullerenes, have emerged as promising tools in addressing these challenges due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and biocompatible properties. This review highlights the applications of CBNPs in PD, including their use as neuroprotective agents that mitigate oxidative stress, drug delivery systems capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, and highly sensitive biosensors for early detection of PD biomarkers. Furthermore, recent advancements demonstrate their possible role as theranostic agents in PD. While the potential of CBNPs is significant, concerns regarding long-term safety, biocompatibility, and translational scalability remain. Continued research and refinement are essential to unlock the full clinical potential of CBNPs in the diagnosis and treatment of PD.
神经退行性疾病包括许多具有进行性神经元损伤和丧失这一核心病理特征的病症。帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征为多巴胺能神经元的退化和α-突触核蛋白聚集体的积累，导致严重的运动功能障碍。早期诊断和靶向治疗目前存在的局限性迫切需要创新方法。碳基纳米材料（CBNPs），如石墨烯、碳纳米管（CNTs）和富勒烯，由于其卓越的电学、力学和生物相容性，已成为应对这些挑战的有前景的工具。本综述重点介绍了CBNPs在PD中的应用，包括它们作为减轻氧化应激的神经保护剂、能够穿越血脑屏障的药物递送系统以及用于早期检测PD生物标志物的高灵敏度生物传感器的用途。此外，最近的进展表明它们在PD中可能作为治疗诊断剂发挥作用。虽然CBNPs的潜力巨大，但对其长期安全性、生物相容性和转化可扩展性的担忧仍然存在。持续的研究和改进对于释放CBNPs在PD诊断和治疗中的全部临床潜力至关重要。
