Wang Xue, Chen Wenjing, Zeng Wei, Feng Kuanhan, Zheng Yu, Wang Ping, Chen Fucai, Zhang Wen, Di Liuqing, Wang Ruoning
School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
Jangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China.
Acta Pharm Sin B. 2025 Jul;15(7):3460-3486. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2025.04.033. Epub 2025 May 10.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for facilitating intercellular communication, promoting cell migration, and orchestrating the immune response. Recently, EVs can diagnose and treat tumors. EVs can be measured as biomarkers to provide information about the type of disease and therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, EVs with lower immunogenicity and better biocompatibility are natural carriers of chemicals and gene drugs. Herein, we review the molecular composition, biogenesis, and separation methods of EVs. We also highlight the important role of EVs from different origins as biomarkers and drug delivery systems in tumor therapy. Finally, we provide deep insights into how EVs play a role in reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）对于促进细胞间通讯、推动细胞迁移以及协调免疫反应至关重要。近来，EVs可用于肿瘤的诊断与治疗。EVs能够作为生物标志物进行检测，以提供有关疾病类型和治疗效果的信息。此外，免疫原性较低且生物相容性较好的EVs是化学药物和基因药物的天然载体。在此，我们综述了EVs的分子组成、生物发生及分离方法。我们还强调了不同来源的EVs作为生物标志物和药物递送系统在肿瘤治疗中的重要作用。最后，我们深入探讨了EVs如何在逆转免疫抑制微环境中发挥作用。
