Shao Yuxin, Li Yipu, Xie Shuxian, Zhang Bo, Li Jing, Wang Yalei, Gao Yusheng, Ma Jianyuan, Kishawy Asmaa Taha Yaseen, Gu Lihong, Ma Tenghe, Wang Zheng
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Poult Sci. 2025 Jul 5;104(10):105543. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105543.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA), a phenolic acid compound from Yucca schidigera extract, in Caco-2 cells and artificial rearing of pigeons. In vitro experiments showed that 4-HPAA at different levels exhibited higher cell viability than shikimic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and with the highest viability observed at 600 μM. Additionally, 600 μM 4-HPAA alleviated LPS-induced upregulation of IL-1β and CASPASE1 expressions (P < 0.05). In vivo results demonstrated that supplemental 4-HPAA at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg levels did not affect the body weight of 25-day-old pigeons (P > 0.05), but all levels increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM levels (P < 0.05). Compared with control, 2000 mg/kg 4-HPAA significantly reduced serum L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (P < 0.05); increased spleen and bursa of Fabricius indices and intestinal total antioxidant capacity activity of 25-day-old pigeons (P < 0.05); and elevated ileal barrier-related genes (OCCLUDIN, CLAUDIN1 and MUC2) in 7-day-old pigeons, as well as jejunal MUC2 and ileal OCCLUDIN in 25-day-old meat pigeons (P < 0.05). It also inhibited glycolytic gene hexokinase 2 expression, while upregulating the signaling pathway genes CAMK2G and MKNK1 (P < 0.05). Supplemental 500 and 1000 mg/kg 4-HPAA significantly increased serum total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). Notably, 500 mg/kg 4-HPAA had an adverse effect on intestinal integrity, as indicated by the highest serum diamine oxidase content, and increased glycolytic gene LDH-B expression; However, it enhanced microbial richness and diversity in the intestines of 7-day-old pigeon (P < 0.05). Besides, 1000 mg/kg 4-HPAA impaired intestinal morphology, as evidenced by a lower ileal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05), but resulted in the highest abundance of Lactococcus in 25-day-old pigeons. In conclusion, 600 μM 4-HPAA exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in Caco-2 cells, and 2000 mg/kg 4-HPAA promotes immune function and intestinal barrier integrity while inhibiting glycolytic gene expression and the production of related serum metabolites in meat pigeons.
本研究旨在评估丝兰提取物中的酚酸化合物4-羟基苯乙酸（4-HPAA）对Caco-2细胞和肉鸽人工饲养的影响。体外实验表明，不同浓度的4-HPAA均表现出比莽草酸和3,4-二羟基苯甲酸更高的细胞活力，在600 μM时细胞活力最高。此外，600 μM的4-HPAA可缓解脂多糖（LPS）诱导的白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和半胱天冬酶-1（CASPASE1）表达上调（P < 0.05）。体内实验结果表明，添加500、1000和2000 mg/kg水平的4-HPAA对25日龄肉鸽的体重没有影响（P > 0.05），但所有水平均提高了免疫球蛋白G（IgG）和免疫球蛋白M（IgM）水平（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，2000 mg/kg的4-HPAA显著降低了血清L-乳酸、D-乳酸和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性（P < 0.05）；提高了25日龄肉鸽的脾脏和法氏囊指数以及肠道总抗氧化能力活性（P < 0.05）；提高了7日龄肉鸽回肠屏障相关基因（闭合蛋白（OCCLUDIN）、紧密连接蛋白1（CLAUDIN1）和黏蛋白2（MUC2））的表达，以及25日龄肉鸽空肠MUC2和回肠OCCLUDIN的表达（P < 0.05）。它还抑制了糖酵解基因己糖激酶2的表达，同时上调了信号通路基因钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶2γ（CAMK2G）和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶相互作用蛋白1（MKNK1）的表达（P < 0.05）。添加500和1000 mg/kg的4-HPAA显著提高了血清总胆固醇水平（P < 0.05）。值得注意的是，500 mg/kg的4-HPAA对肠道完整性有不良影响，血清二胺氧化酶含量最高，糖酵解基因LDH-B表达增加；然而，它增加了7日龄肉鸽肠道中的微生物丰富度和多样性（P < 0.05）。此外，1000 mg/kg的4-HPAA损害了肠道形态，回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值较低（P < 0.05），但导致25日龄肉鸽中乳酸乳球菌的丰度最高。总之，600 μM的4-HPAA在Caco-2细胞中表现出抗炎活性，2000 mg/kg的4-HPAA可促进肉鸽的免疫功能和肠道屏障完整性，同时抑制糖酵解基因表达和相关血清代谢产物的产生。
