Al-Mashhadani E H, Beck M M
Poult Sci. 1985 Nov;64(11):2056-61. doi: 10.3382/ps.0642056.
The surface ultrastructure of the lung and trachea of 7-week-old broiler chicks were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to obtain a more accurate understanding of structural changes due to atmospheric ammonia (NH3). In the first experiment, four broilers were randomly assigned to each of four chambers, and exposed to 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 ppm NH3 for 7 days. Chickens exposed to 100 ppm NH3 exhibited a large number of mucus-secreting cells that were not seen in the other treatments. Ciliary loss from the tracheal epithelium was not a consistent finding in either the exposed or the control groups. There was no evidence of goblet cell disappearance due to ammonia treatment. In the second experiment, four broilers were randomly allocated to each of four chambers and exposed to 0, 50, 75, or 100 ppm NH3 for 4 days. There was an increase in the thickness of the atrial walls and a shrinking of air capillaries with increasing NH3 concentration; in birds exposed to 75 and 100 ppm NH3, wall thickness was one to two times greater than in the control birds. There were no observable differences in gross appearance of lungs and tracheas between control and exposed groups except for hemorrhagic spots on one of the lungs exposed to 100 ppm NH3.
用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）检查7周龄肉鸡的肺和气管表面超微结构，以更准确地了解大气氨（NH₃）引起的结构变化。在第一个实验中，将四只肉鸡随机分配到四个舱室中，分别暴露于0、25、50、75或100 ppm的NH₃中7天。暴露于100 ppm NH₃的鸡表现出大量在其他处理中未见的黏液分泌细胞。气管上皮的纤毛脱落在暴露组和对照组中均不是一致的发现。没有证据表明氨处理会导致杯状细胞消失。在第二个实验中，将四只肉鸡随机分配到四个舱室中，分别暴露于0、50、75或100 ppm的NH₃中4天。随着NH₃浓度的增加，心房壁厚度增加，气毛细血管收缩；暴露于75和100 ppm NH₃的鸡，其壁厚度比对照鸡大1至2倍。除了暴露于100 ppm NH₃的一只肺上有出血点外，对照组和暴露组的肺和气管外观没有明显差异。
