Lignon Julia Somavilla, Bohm Bianca Conrad, Martins Natália Soares, Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti, Pappen Felipe Geraldo, Pinto Diego Moscarelli
Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório do Grupo de Estudos em Enfermidades Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jul 24;25(1):2538. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23745-6.
Human beings and animals are getting closer and closer. This proximity is not limited to the home environment, as animals are also frequenters of public spaces with access to leisure areas and human recreation. As they play the role of definitive hosts for some species of potentially zoonotic helminths and protozoa, the risk of environmental contamination through their feces and the risk of infection of other animals, including humans, increases. From an epidemiological point of view, identifying possible sites at risk of infection allows us to outline adequate control and prevention methods. Therefore, the aim of this work was to carry out a risk analysis of contamination by potentially zoonotic parasites found in public squares in Southern Brazil.
Samples of dog feces and sand were collected in public squares in municipalities in the Pelotas microregion, south of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The parasitological diagnosis was performed using the techniques of Willis-Mollay, Faust and Spontaneous sedimentation for feces and Caldwell and Caldwell for sand. The results were interpreted through descriptive data analysis and Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) with a binomial distribution and logit link function.
In total, 4262 samples were analyzed. where 63% of positive sand samples and 50.4% of positive feces samples were parasitized by spp. Of all the municipalities in the study, Cerrito, Capão do Leão and Cristal have the highest risk for the presence of parasites in the samples collected. In addition, Pelotas and Pedro Osório municipalities had more positive samples with nematode eggs; Cristal, Cerrito and Capão do Leão had more samples positive for tapeworms; Canguçu, Morro Redondo and Turuçu showed higher positivity of protozoa.
It is concluded that there is great contamination in the squares studied, by parasites with zoonotic potential, and among the identified parasites, spp. is the most frequent. Furthermore, it is suggested that small municipalities are at greater risk of presenting parasites in public spaces, such as squares.
人类与动物的接触越来越密切。这种亲近不仅限于家庭环境，动物还经常出现在公共场所，包括休闲区域和人类娱乐场所。由于它们是某些潜在人畜共患的蠕虫和原生动物物种的终末宿主，通过其粪便造成环境污染以及感染其他动物（包括人类）的风险增加。从流行病学角度来看，识别可能存在感染风险的地点有助于我们制定适当的控制和预防措施。因此，本研究的目的是对巴西南部公共广场中发现的潜在人畜共患寄生虫污染进行风险分析。
在巴西南里奥格兰德州佩洛塔斯微区域各城市的公共广场采集狗粪便和沙子样本。粪便寄生虫学诊断采用威利斯 - 莫莱、福斯特和自然沉淀法，沙子采用考德威尔法和考德威尔法。通过描述性数据分析和具有二项分布及对数链接函数的广义线性混合模型（GLMM）对结果进行解释。
共分析了4262个样本。其中，63%的沙子阳性样本和50.4%的粪便阳性样本被 spp. 寄生。在研究的所有城市中，塞里托、卡庞多莱昂和克里斯塔尔所采集样本中寄生虫存在的风险最高。此外，佩洛塔斯和佩德罗奥索里奥市的线虫卵阳性样本更多；克里斯塔尔、塞里托和卡庞多莱昂的绦虫阳性样本更多；坎古苏、莫罗雷东多和图鲁苏的原生动物阳性率更高。
得出结论，在所研究的广场中存在大量具有人畜共患潜力的寄生虫污染，在所鉴定的寄生虫中， spp. 最为常见。此外，建议小城市在公共场所（如广场）出现寄生虫的风险更大。
