Lin Ziyou, Chang Chang, Zhao Shuyu, Fang Lan, Wang Ping
Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
Cancer Biol Med. 2025 Jul 24;22(7):726-46. doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2025.0115.
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) represents a complex battlefield where metabolic competition and immune evasion mechanisms converge to drive cancer progression. Amino acids, with their multifaceted biological roles, have emerged as pivotal regulators of tumor cell proliferation and immune cell functionality. The sensing mechanisms by which amino acids within the tumor microenvironment influence cellular growth, survival, and immune function are systematically explored in this review; the latest advances in understanding amino acid metabolism in tumor biology are also reviewed. In addition, the multifaceted roles of key amino acids in shaping the TIME with particular emphasis on tumor immunity and malignant growth were investigated. Finally, emerging therapeutic strategies targeting amino acid metabolism to reprogram the TIME are discussed, highlighting promising approaches, such as CAR-T cell therapy and engineered bacterial interventions. Through this comprehensive analysis, critical insights into future research directions and potential clinical translation of amino acid-targeted interventions are provided.
肿瘤免疫微环境（TIME）是一个复杂的战场，代谢竞争和免疫逃逸机制在此汇聚，推动癌症进展。氨基酸具有多方面的生物学作用，已成为肿瘤细胞增殖和免疫细胞功能的关键调节因子。本文系统探讨了肿瘤微环境中的氨基酸影响细胞生长、存活和免疫功能的传感机制；还综述了肿瘤生物学中氨基酸代谢的最新研究进展。此外，研究了关键氨基酸在塑造TIME方面的多方面作用，特别强调了肿瘤免疫和恶性生长。最后，讨论了针对氨基酸代谢重编程TIME的新兴治疗策略，重点介绍了有前景的方法，如嵌合抗原受体（CAR）-T细胞疗法和工程细菌干预。通过这一全面分析，提供了对未来研究方向以及氨基酸靶向干预潜在临床转化的关键见解。
