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常染色体显性多囊肾病的产前诊断:病例报告

Prenatal Diagnosis of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Case Report.

作者信息

Gyokova Elitsa, Hristova-Atanasova Eleonora, Odumosu Elizabeth, Andreeva Antonia

机构信息

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria.

University Hospital "Saint Marina"-Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria.

出版信息

Reports (MDPI). 2025 Apr 23;8(2):56. doi: 10.3390/reports8020056.

Abstract

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most common inherited kidney condition, affecting approximately 500,000 individuals in the US. It causes fluid-filled cysts to develop throughout the kidneys, leading to decreased kidney function. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the more prevalent form, subdivided into the and variants. variants typically result in more severe symptoms and an earlier need for dialysis compared to A prenatal diagnosis of ADPKD is rare due to its late-onset manifestations, but early detection can be crucial for management and family counseling. A 24-year-old woman, during her first pregnancy, presented for her first prenatal ultrasound at 22 + 2 weeks gestation. The ultrasound revealed an increased echogenicity of the renal parenchyma in the left kidney, with pelvic dystopia, while the right kidney appeared normal. Follow-up scans showed significant progression, with both kidneys exhibiting thinning parenchyma and cyst formation. The baby was delivered via an elective cesarean section at 38 weeks, and a postnatal ultrasound confirmed ADPKD. Genetic testing identified a heterozygous variant of the gene, , classified as likely pathogenic. The baby displayed electrolyte abnormalities but improved after a week of hospitalization. This case highlights an unusual early presentation of ADPKD in a fetus with no family history of the disease. A prenatal diagnosis through ultrasounds and genetic testing can aid in early detection and management, providing valuable information for family counseling. Regular monitoring and genetic identification are essential for managing ADPKD and improving patient outcomes.

摘要

多囊肾病(PKD)是最常见的遗传性肾脏疾病,在美国约有50万人受其影响。它会导致整个肾脏形成充满液体的囊肿,从而导致肾功能下降。常染色体显性多囊肾病(ADPKD)是更常见的形式,可细分为 和 变体。与 相比, 变体通常会导致更严重的症状,并且更早需要进行透析。由于ADPKD的发病表现较晚,产前诊断很少见,但早期检测对于管理和家庭咨询可能至关重要。一名24岁女性在首次怀孕时,于妊娠22 + 2周进行了首次产前超声检查。超声显示左肾肾实质回声增强,伴有盆腔异位,而右肾看起来正常。后续扫描显示病情有显著进展,双肾均出现实质变薄和囊肿形成。婴儿在38周时通过择期剖宫产分娩,产后超声确诊为ADPKD。基因检测确定了 基因的杂合变体, ,分类为可能致病。婴儿出现电解质异常,但住院一周后情况有所改善。 该病例突出了一名无该疾病家族史的胎儿中ADPKD不寻常的早期表现。通过超声和基因检测进行产前诊断有助于早期检测和管理,为家庭咨询提供有价值的信息。定期监测和基因鉴定对于管理ADPKD和改善患者预后至关重要。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/effc/12197048/ef578081e22f/reports-08-00056-g001.jpg

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