Revilla-León Marta, Barmak Abdul B, Rokhshad Rata, Lawand Ghida, Kois John C, Alonso Pérez-Barquero Jorge
Affiliate Assistant Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Faculty and Director of Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; and Adjunct Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
Assistant Professor, Clinical Research and Biostatistics, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Jul 25. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.07.002.
A photogrammetry (PG) procedure integrated into an intraoral scanner (IOS) system can record the 3-dimensional position of the implants being scanned; however, the influence of the distance between the PG implant scan bodies (ISBs) on the accuracy of an intraoral PG technique remains unknown.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the impact of the interimplant scan body distance (-2, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm) on the accuracy of complete arch implant scans recorded by using an intraoral PG system.
A maxillary cast with 6 implant abutment analogs (MultiUnit Abutment Plus Replica) was digitized (T710). An intraoral PG ISB was hand tightened into each implant abutment of the reference cast oriented towards the center of the arch. All the ISBs were maintained in the same position during all the digital data acquisition procedures, except for the ISB in the right first molar position (experimental ISB). Six groups were created depending on the interimplant scan body distance between the experimental and the adjacent ISBs: -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm (n=30). In Group -2, the experimental ISB was positioned overlapping the ISB in the right first premolar position by 2 mm. Afterwards, consecutive scans were obtained. In Groups 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8, the same procedures were completed as in Group -2, except that the experimental ISB was placed at distances of 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 mm to the ISB in the right first premolar position, respectively. Euclidean linear and angular measurements were obtained on the digitized reference cast and used to compare the discrepancies with the same measurements obtained on each experimental scan. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze the trueness data. The Levene test was used to analyze the precision values (α=.05).
Significant linear trueness differences were found among the groups tested (P<.001), with the Tukey post hoc multiple pairwise test confirming significant linear trueness differences (P<.001). Group 4 obtained the worst linear trueness among the groups tested. However, the mean linear discrepancies ranged from 31 to 39 µm among the groups tested. The Levene test revealed significant linear precision discrepancies among the groups (P=.011), with Groups -2 and 0 showing statistically significant difference (P=.033). No statistically significant differences were found in angular trueness (P=.369) or angular precision (P=.587) among the groups tested.
The interimplant scan body distance impacted the linear trueness and precision of the intraoral PG system. However, these discrepancies may not be clinically relevant.
将摄影测量法（PG）程序集成到口腔内扫描仪（IOS）系统中，可以记录正在扫描的种植体的三维位置；然而，PG种植体扫描体（ISB）之间的距离对口腔内PG技术准确性的影响仍然未知。
本体外研究的目的是评估种植体间扫描体距离（-2、0、2、4、6和8毫米）对使用口腔内PG系统记录的全牙弓种植体扫描准确性的影响。
用6个种植体基台代型（MultiUnit Abutment Plus Replica）制作上颌模型并进行数字化处理（T710）。将口腔内PG ISB手动拧紧到参考模型的每个种植体基台上，使其朝向牙弓中心。在所有数字数据采集过程中，除了右第一磨牙位置的ISB（实验性ISB）外，所有ISB都保持在相同位置。根据实验性ISB与相邻ISB之间的种植体间扫描体距离创建6组：-2、0、2、4、6和8毫米（n = 30）。在-2组中，实验性ISB与右第一前磨牙位置的ISB重叠2毫米。之后，进行连续扫描。在0、2、4、6和8组中，完成与-2组相同的程序，不同之处在于实验性ISB分别放置在距右第一前磨牙位置的ISB 0、2、4、6或8毫米处。在数字化参考模型上获得欧几里得线性和角度测量值，并用于比较与每个实验扫描获得的相同测量值之间的差异。使用单因素方差分析和Tukey检验分析真实性数据。使用Levene检验分析精度值（α = 0.05）。
在测试的组之间发现了显著的线性真实性差异（P <.001），Tukey事后多重成对检验证实了显著的线性真实性差异（P <.001）。4组在测试的组中获得了最差的线性真实性。然而，在测试的组中，平均线性差异范围为31至39微米。Levene检验显示组间存在显著的线性精度差异（P = 0.011），-2组和0组显示出统计学上的显著差异（P = 0.033）。在测试的组之间，角度真实性（P = 0.369）或角度精度（P = 0.587）没有发现统计学上的显著差异。
种植体间扫描体距离影响口腔内PG系统的线性真实性和精度。然而，这些差异可能在临床上不相关。
