Sharif-Nia Hamid, Marôco João, Hoseinzadeh Esmaeil, W Osborne Jason, Hosseini Lida, Hejazi Sima, Salehi Safura, Miraqaei Fatemeh
Psychosomatic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
BMC Psychol. 2025 Jul 26;13(1):835. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03160-7.
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is strongly associated with depressive symptoms, which are common among patients with heart disease. Psychological factors such as anxiety and RNT play a significant role in the overall distress experienced by individuals with heart disease. Worry and rumination are key components of psychological distress in these patients, ultimately leading to worse cardiovascular outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire (RTQ) in Iranian patients with heart disease.
A convenience sample of 400 Iranian adults with coronary artery disease, valvular abnormalities, heart muscle disorders, and heart failure were recruited from three medical settings: two cardiac departments in public hospitals and one private heart specialist’s clinic in Amol, Iran. The RTQ was translated, and its psychometric properties were evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency of the scales was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega.
The mean age of the participants was 42.95 years (SD = 14.02). An exploratory factor analysis identified a single factor explaining 60.65% of the variance in nine items. One item was removed due to communalities of less than 0.20 and factor loadings of less than 0.30. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the results from the exploratory analysis, and the internal consistency of the scale was considered acceptable.
The study shows that the Persian translation of the RTQ produces psychometrically sound scores within the population of Iranian heart disease patients. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses supported a unidimensional factor structure with acceptable internal consistency. Measurement invariance across genders further supports the scale’s utility for comparative research within this population.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-025-03160-7.
反复消极思维（RNT）与抑郁症状密切相关，而抑郁症状在心脏病患者中很常见。焦虑和RNT等心理因素在心脏病患者所经历的整体痛苦中起着重要作用。担忧和沉思是这些患者心理痛苦的关键组成部分，最终会导致更差的心血管结局。本研究的目的是评估反复思维问卷（RTQ）在伊朗心脏病患者中的心理测量特性。
从三个医疗机构招募了400名患有冠状动脉疾病、瓣膜异常、心肌疾病和心力衰竭的伊朗成年患者作为便利样本：伊朗阿莫勒市的两家公立医院心脏科和一家私人心脏病专家诊所。对RTQ进行了翻译，并通过探索性和验证性因素分析评估其心理测量特性。使用克朗巴赫α系数和麦克唐纳ω系数评估量表的内部一致性。
参与者的平均年龄为42.95岁（标准差=14.02）。探索性因素分析确定了一个单一因素，该因素解释了九个项目中60.65%的方差。由于共同度小于0.20且因素负荷小于0.30，删除了一个项目。验证性因素分析支持了探索性分析的结果，量表的内部一致性被认为是可接受的。
该研究表明，RTQ的波斯语翻译在伊朗心脏病患者群体中产生了心理测量上合理的分数。探索性和验证性分析支持了具有可接受内部一致性的单维因素结构。不同性别间的测量不变性进一步支持了该量表在该人群中进行比较研究的效用。
在线版本包含可在10.1186/s40359-025-03160-7获取的补充材料。
