Alves Julia Araujo, Saint-Pierre Tatiana Dillenburg, Hauser-Davis Rachel Ann, Correia Fábio Veríssimo, de Sá Salomão André Luís, Saggioro Enrico Mendes
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2025 Jul 19;91:127697. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127697.
Coastal lagoons are highly susceptible to chemical contamination, due to their proximity to urban and industrial areas. This seasonal cross-sectional study based on primary data collection investigated the effects of metal and metalloid exposure on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Jacarepaguá Lagoon (LJPA), a eutrophicated and urbanized coastal ecosystem in southeastern Brazil. Fish (n = 44) were sampled over one year, covering all four seasons at five fixed locations distributed across the lagoon, concurrently with surface water collection. Metal and metalloid concentrations in liver and muscle tissues were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analyzed biomarkers included MT, SOD, GST, GSH, LPO, and DNA damage (comet assay). Poor physicochemical and microbiological water quality according to Brazilian legislation were observed. Sampling during the spring and summer revealed greater metal diversity in tissues, likely influenced by increased rainfall and runoff. Arsenic, Cd, Hg and Pb were detected in both muscle and liver. Superoxide-dismutase activity decreased by 38-66.5 % in liver and 35-78 % in muscle, while GST activity in muscle decreased by 67.1-73.5 %. Muscle MT levels increased by 39-280 % across seasons, with peak liver MT values observed during spring (C4). Hepatic CARB increased by 119-662 %, especially in summer (C5), and the highest liver LPO levels were recorded in autumn (p < 0.05). Significant correlations between metal concentrations and biomarkers included negative associations between Ti and LPO (ρ = -0.93) and MT (ρ = -0.85), and between Hg and GSH (ρ = -0.90). Muscle LPO was negatively associated with Ni (ρ = -0.72), while GSH showed positive correlations with Cd, Ni, Ti and Fe. DNA damage was significantly higher in individuals collected during the summer (C5), when several metals were detected, suggesting genotoxic effects likely driven by seasonal factors. A Principal Component Analysis revealed distinct seasonal patterns of both metal bioaccumulation and physiological stress, with greater separation among muscle samples and stronger associations with oxidative biomarkers in liver. These findings highlight the need for environmental monitoring and management strategies to mitigate the impacts of metal pollution on aquatic life in urban coastal lagoons.
沿海泻湖极易受到化学污染，因为它们靠近城市和工业区。这项基于原始数据收集的季节性横断面研究调查了金属和类金属暴露对来自雅卡雷帕瓜泻湖（LJPA）的尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的影响，该泻湖是巴西东南部一个富营养化和城市化的沿海生态系统。在一年时间里对鱼类（n = 44）进行了采样，在泻湖分布的五个固定地点涵盖了所有四个季节，同时采集地表水。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对肝脏和肌肉组织中的金属和类金属浓度进行了定量。分析的生物标志物包括金属硫蛋白（MT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、脂质过氧化（LPO）和DNA损伤（彗星试验）。根据巴西法律，观察到水质的物理化学和微生物指标较差。春季和夏季采样显示组织中的金属多样性更大，这可能受到降雨和径流增加的影响。在肌肉和肝脏中均检测到砷、镉、汞和铅。肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶活性下降了38 - 66.5%，肌肉中下降了35 - 78%，而肌肉中的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性下降了67.1 - 73.5%。肌肉中金属硫蛋白水平在各季节增加了39 - 280%，春季（C4）肝脏中金属硫蛋白值达到峰值。肝脏中碳酰化蛋白增加了119 - 662%，尤其是在夏季（C5），秋季记录到肝脏中脂质过氧化水平最高（p < 0.05）。金属浓度与生物标志物之间的显著相关性包括钛与脂质过氧化（ρ = -0.93）和金属硫蛋白（ρ = -0.85）之间的负相关，以及汞与谷胱甘肽（ρ = -0.90）之间的负相关。肌肉中的脂质过氧化与镍呈负相关（ρ = -0.72），而谷胱甘肽与镉、镍、钛和铁呈正相关。夏季（C5）采集的个体中DNA损伤显著更高，此时检测到多种金属，表明可能由季节因素驱动的遗传毒性效应。主成分分析揭示了金属生物积累和生理应激的明显季节性模式，肌肉样本之间的分离更大，肝脏中与氧化生物标志物的关联更强。这些发现凸显了环境监测和管理策略对于减轻金属污染对城市沿海泻湖水生生物影响的必要性。
