Reeves Matthew B
UCL Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, UK.
Rev Med Virol. 2025 Jul;35(4):e70063. doi: 10.1002/rmv.70063.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), like all herpes viruses, can establish lifelong infections of the host. This is due to the capacity to establish latency-a defining characteristic of herpes virus infection. In healthy individuals, pathology associated with HCMV infection is rare due, in part, to a robust immune response that controls replication. Consequently, in patients with impaired immune responses substantial pathogenesis is observed due to a failure of immunological control. In this review, I discuss the biology of latency and reactivation with an emphasis on aspects important for our understanding of pathogenesis and treatment. In particular, I will represent how fundamental understanding of the cellular and molecular details of viral latency have, and will continue to be, pivotal for attempts to therapeutically target latent HCMV with a view to reducing the burden of disease. This will include pharmacological and immunological therapies that utilise the modulation of both host and viral functions important for latency and reactivation as well as strategies to harness the very well characterised and prodigious immune response directed against replicating HCMV to target latent infections as well.
人类巨细胞病毒（HCMV）与所有疱疹病毒一样，能够在宿主体内建立终身感染。这是因为它具有建立潜伏状态的能力——这是疱疹病毒感染的一个决定性特征。在健康个体中，与HCMV感染相关的病理情况很少见，部分原因是存在强大的免疫反应来控制病毒复制。因此，在免疫反应受损的患者中，由于免疫控制失效，会观察到严重的发病情况。在这篇综述中，我将讨论潜伏和再激活的生物学特性，重点关注对于我们理解发病机制和治疗至关重要的方面。特别是，我将阐述对病毒潜伏的细胞和分子细节的基本理解如何已经并将继续对于旨在治疗潜伏性HCMV以减轻疾病负担的尝试至关重要。这将包括利用对潜伏和再激活重要的宿主和病毒功能的调节的药理学和免疫疗法，以及利用针对复制性HCMV的特征明确且强大的免疫反应来靶向潜伏感染的策略。
