Urieta-Mora Javier, Choi Seung Ju, Jeong Jaeki, Orecchio Silvia, García-Benito Inés, Pérez-Escribano Manuel, Calbo Joaquín, Zheng Likai, Byun Minseop, Song Seyeong, Kim Gi-Hwan, Zakeeruddin Shaik M, Yoon Seog-Young, Jo Yimhyun, Molina-Ontoria Agustín, Ortí Enrique, Martín Nazario, Grätzel Michael
Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad C. C. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
Adv Mater. 2025 Jul 28:e05475. doi: 10.1002/adma.202505475.
Improving both the efficiency and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is critical for their commercial deployment. Despite the widespread use of spiro-OMeTAD as a hole-transporting material (HTM), its inhomogeneous doping behavior and susceptibility to moisture and heat have hindered its large-scale industrial implementation. Here, a family of spiro-phenothiazine-based HTMs (PTZ) is reported to address these drawbacks. Among them, the fluorene derivative (PTZ-Fl) shows a larger Li affinity and forms a compact interphase by intercalation in the perovskite passivating layer that prevents Li migration. PSCs incorporating PTZ-Fl exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 25.8% (certified 25.2% under reverse scan), retaining 80% of their initial performance after 1000 h under ISOS-L-3 protocol. Furthermore, a 5 × 5 cm mini-module reaches a PCE of 22.1%, surpassing spiro-OMeTAD-based PSCs and retaining over 85% of its efficiency after 1100 h under ISOS-D-1 protocol. These results demonstrate that PTZ-Fl not only enables high PCEs but also substantially improves operational stability, offering a promising pathway toward the large-scale deployment of next-generation PSCs.
提高钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的效率和长期稳定性对于其商业应用至关重要。尽管螺环-OMeTAD作为空穴传输材料（HTM）被广泛使用，但其不均匀的掺杂行为以及对湿气和热的敏感性阻碍了其大规模工业应用。在此，报道了一类基于螺环吩噻嗪的HTM（PTZ）来解决这些缺点。其中，芴衍生物（PTZ-Fl）表现出更大的锂亲和力，并通过插入钙钛矿钝化层形成致密的界面，从而防止锂迁移。采用PTZ-Fl的PSC展现出高达25.8%的功率转换效率（PCE）（反向扫描下认证效率为25.2%），在ISOS-L-3协议下1000小时后仍保留其初始性能的80%。此外，一个5×5平方厘米的微型模块达到了22.1%的PCE，超过了基于螺环-OMeTAD的PSC，并且在ISOS-D-1协议下1100小时后仍保留超过85%的效率。这些结果表明，PTZ-Fl不仅能实现高PCE，还能大幅提高运行稳定性，为下一代PSC的大规模应用提供了一条有前景的途径。
