Mercurio Miriana, de Sire Roberto, Campagnoli Paola, Fante Marco Dal, Fazzini Linda, Guerra Luciano, Primignani Massimo, Tatarella Maria Giuseppina, Sollai Mauro, Ardizzone Sandro, Maselli Roberta
Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Alessandro Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Jul 20;17(14):2404. doi: 10.3390/cancers17142404.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a recognized oncogenic agent in several epithelial malignancies, though its role in esophageal squamous lesions remains unclear. Esophageal squamous papilloma and papillomatosis are rare, often benign lesions, but increasing evidence suggests possible associations with high-risk HPV genotypes and a non-negligible risk of dysplasia and malignant transformation. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on epidemiology, clinical features, histopathology, and diagnostic approaches, emphasizing advanced endoscopic imaging techniques that improve lesion detection and characterization. Management relies primarily on complete endoscopic resection with histological and virological evaluation. While small, non-dysplastic solitary lesions may not require routine surveillance, multifocal or high-risk HPV-positive cases warrant closer follow-up. Standardized HPV testing and long-term prospective studies are needed to better define the oncogenic potential and inform surveillance and treatment strategies.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是多种上皮性恶性肿瘤中公认的致癌因子，但其在食管鳞状病变中的作用仍不明确。食管鳞状乳头状瘤和乳头状瘤病较为罕见，通常为良性病变，但越来越多的证据表明其可能与高危HPV基因型有关，且发育异常和恶性转化风险不可忽视。本叙述性综述总结了目前关于流行病学、临床特征、组织病理学和诊断方法的证据，重点介绍了可改善病变检测和特征描述的先进内镜成像技术。治疗主要依靠完整的内镜切除并进行组织学和病毒学评估。虽然小的、无发育异常的孤立性病变可能不需要常规监测，但多灶性或高危HPV阳性病例需要密切随访。需要进行标准化的HPV检测和长期前瞻性研究，以更好地确定致癌潜力，并为监测和治疗策略提供依据。
