Fernando Yvonne, Ovenden Ben, Sreenivasulu Nese, Butardo Vito
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Jul 2;14(7):801. doi: 10.3390/biology14070801.
Climate change poses significant challenges to temperate rice production, particularly affecting grain quality and market acceptance. This review synthesizes current knowledge of climate-induced quality changes, with a focus on the Australian rice industry as a case study with comparisons to other temperate regions. Environmental stressors such as extreme temperatures, variable rainfall, elevated CO, and salinity disrupt biochemical pathways during grain development, altering physicochemical, textural, and aromatic traits. Different rice classes exhibit distinct vulnerabilities: medium-grain varieties show reduced amylose under heat stress, aromatic varieties experience disrupted aroma synthesis under drought, and long-grain types suffer kernel damage under combined stresses. Temperature is a key driver, with quality deterioration occurring above 35 °C and below 15 °C. Systems biology analyses reveal complex signalling networks underpinning these stress responses, although experimental validation remains limited. The Australian industry has responded by developing cold-tolerant cultivars, precision agriculture, and water-saving practices, yet projected climate variability demands more integrated strategies. Priorities include breeding for stress-resilient quality traits, refining water management, and deploying advanced phenotyping tools. Emerging technologies like hyperspectral imaging and machine learning offer promise for rapid quality assessment and adaptive management. Sustaining high-quality rice in temperate zones requires innovation linking physiology with practical adaptation.
气候变化给温带水稻生产带来了重大挑战，尤其影响稻米品质和市场接受度。本综述综合了当前关于气候导致的品质变化的知识，重点以澳大利亚水稻产业为例进行研究，并与其他温带地区进行比较。极端温度、降雨多变、二氧化碳浓度升高和盐度等环境压力源会在籽粒发育过程中扰乱生化途径，改变物理化学、质地和香气特性。不同类型的水稻表现出不同的脆弱性：中粒品种在热胁迫下直链淀粉含量降低，香型品种在干旱下香气合成受到干扰，长粒品种在复合胁迫下籽粒受损。温度是一个关键驱动因素，在35℃以上和15℃以下会出现品质下降。系统生物学分析揭示了支撑这些胁迫反应的复杂信号网络，不过实验验证仍然有限。澳大利亚水稻产业已通过培育耐寒品种、精准农业和节水措施做出了回应，但预计的气候变异性需要更综合的策略。优先事项包括培育具有抗逆品质性状的品种、优化水分管理以及部署先进的表型分析工具。高光谱成像和机器学习等新兴技术有望实现快速品质评估和适应性管理。在温带地区维持高品质水稻需要将生理学与实际适应性联系起来的创新。
