Rogalska Anna, Brukało Katarzyna
Department of Health Economics and Health Management, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Department of Health Policy, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jul 11;14(14):4935. doi: 10.3390/jcm14144935.
This study aimed to assess the availability, diagnostic reliability, and out-of-pocket costs of endometriosis diagnostic tools available on the private healthcare market in Poland. A desk-based analysis was conducted from a patient perspective to identify commercially available diagnostic tests for endometriosis in Poland. Data were collected in September 2024 using relevant keywords to simulate a patient search process. Identified tests were evaluated for their compliance with the 2022 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) guidelines. Key parameters, including sensitivity, specificity, and associated costs, were assessed based on the available literature. Out-of-pocket costs were compared between the private and public healthcare sectors. Five diagnostic methods were identified in the private healthcare market: two imaging techniques (transvaginal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging) and three blood-based tests. None of the blood-based tests demonstrated sensitivity or specificity above 90%. Imaging techniques met this criterion. The cost of blood tests ranged from EUR 21.1 to EUR 467.77. The average private-sector cost for transvaginal ultrasound was EUR 111.64, representing a 482.6% increase compared to the public sector. Magnetic resonance imaging cost EUR 122.89 in the private sector, a 148.64% increase. The private Polish healthcare market lacks non-invasive diagnostic tests for endometriosis that achieve high reliability based on large study samples. Imaging tests, while reliable, pose significant financial barriers when accessed privately. Enhanced public access and clearer patient guidance are required to ensure timely and effective diagnosis.
本研究旨在评估波兰私立医疗市场上可用的子宫内膜异位症诊断工具的可及性、诊断可靠性和自付费用。从患者角度进行了桌面分析，以确定波兰市场上可商业获得的子宫内膜异位症诊断测试。2024年9月，使用相关关键词收集数据，以模拟患者搜索过程。对识别出的测试评估其是否符合2022年欧洲人类生殖与胚胎学会（ESHRE）指南。根据现有文献评估包括敏感性、特异性和相关成本在内的关键参数。比较了私立和公立医疗部门的自付费用。在私立医疗市场中识别出五种诊断方法：两种成像技术（经阴道超声、磁共振成像）和三种血液检测。没有一种血液检测的敏感性或特异性高于90%。成像技术符合这一标准。血液检测费用从21.1欧元到467.77欧元不等。经阴道超声在私立部门的平均费用为111.64欧元，与公立部门相比增加了482.6%。磁共振成像在私立部门的费用为122.89欧元，增加了148.64%。波兰私立医疗市场缺乏基于大样本研究且具有高可靠性的子宫内膜异位症非侵入性诊断测试。成像测试虽然可靠，但在私立机构进行时会带来重大经济障碍。需要加强公共可及性并提供更清晰的患者指导，以确保及时有效的诊断。
