Gad Walaa Abdallah, Osman Salama Ahmed, Abd El-Razik Khaled Abd El-Hamid, Soror Ashraf Hassan, Soliman Yousef Adel, Fouad Ehab Ali
Department of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
Vet Res Forum. 2025;16(6):317-323. doi: 10.30466/vrf.2024.2038109.4398. Epub 2025 Jun 15.
Bovine subclinical mastitis represents a major cause of severe economic losses in dairy farms. This research aimed to detect the antimicrobial resistance trends of and to determine the presence of and antimicrobial resistance genes in raw bulk milk in the period between December 2023 and February 2024. One hundred raw bulk cow milk samples were gathered from different dairy farms in Egypt. The prevalence of subclinical bovine mastitis was 65.00% using California mastitis test. The prevalence of isolated was 46.15% via bacterial culturing and all isolates (n = 30) were confirmed via hemolytic activity, catalase and coagulase test, and gram staining followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting gene. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was applied on all confirmed isolates utilizing the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The highest resistance was verified for tetracycline at 100% followed by erythromycin and clindamycin at 56.66 and 16.66%, respectively. The highest sensitivity at 100% was verified for amikacin, ampicillin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, ampicillin plus sulbactam, ciprofloxacin, colistin, gentamicin, imipenem, tobramycin, doxycycline and vancomycin. Multidrug resistance was found in 20.00% of the total isolates. Methicillin resistant represented by gene was identified in 83.33% of isolates. Macrolides resistant represented by gene was identified in 16.66% of isolates. Lincosamide resistant represented by gene was identified in 66.66% of isolates. Tetracycline resistant represented by and genes was detected in 23.33 and 53.33% of isolates, respectively. This study provided antibiotic-resistant profiles to dairy farms to avoid treatment failure, adverse effects on animal health and economic impact for the owner of the animal.
奶牛亚临床型乳腺炎是奶牛场严重经济损失的主要原因。本研究旨在检测2023年12月至2024年2月期间原料奶中金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌耐药性趋势,并确定其耐甲氧西林和大环内酯类抗菌基因的存在情况。从埃及不同奶牛场采集了100份原料奶样。使用加利福尼亚乳腺炎检测法,亚临床型奶牛乳腺炎的患病率为65.00%。通过细菌培养,金黄色葡萄球菌的分离率为46.15%,所有分离株(n = 30)均通过溶血活性、过氧化氢酶和凝固酶试验以及革兰氏染色进行确认,随后进行靶向金黄色葡萄球菌基因的聚合酶链反应。对所有确认的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株采用纸片扩散法在穆勒-欣顿琼脂上进行药敏试验。四环素的耐药率最高,为100%,其次是红霉素和克林霉素,分别为56.66%和16.66%。阿米卡星、氨苄西林、阿莫西林加克拉维酸、氨苄西林加舒巴坦、环丙沙星、黏菌素、庆大霉素、亚胺培南、妥布霉素、强力霉素和万古霉素的敏感性最高,均为100%。在所有分离株中,20.00%发现有多药耐药性。以mecA基因表示的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在83.33%的分离株中被鉴定出来。以ermA基因表示的耐大环内酯类金黄色葡萄球菌在16.66%的分离株中被鉴定出来。以linA基因表示的耐林可酰胺类金黄色葡萄球菌在66.66%的分离株中被鉴定出来。分别以tetK和tetM基因表示的耐四环素金黄色葡萄球菌在23.33%和53.33%的分离株中被检测到。本研究为奶牛场提供了金黄色葡萄球菌的抗生素耐药谱,以避免治疗失败、对动物健康的不良影响以及对动物所有者的经济影响。