Psychiatric aspects of asthma in adults.

Asthma is a complex and multifactorial illness. Early theories focused on the psychosomatic aspects of this disease and more work has been done through the years to explore these theories and to further elucidate the variety of psychiatric conflicts, personality traits, and stressors, and the role they play in asthma. More recently, mechanisms have been postulated whereby these conflicts can influence the pathologic process in the lungs causing symptoms of asthma. These seem to act at the level of the limbic system and hypothalamus, the autonomic nervous system, and the immunologic system. Many psychiatric factors play a strong role in maintenance of the asthma. Family interactions, anxiety, depression, panic-fear, and many others can facilitate or impede compliance with an appropriate medical regimen. Although all these variables have yet to be sorted out definitively, asthma is certainly an area where psychiatrists can have a major therapeutic impact.