Obesity and Overweight-Practical Management for Indian Setting.

Overweight and obesity are showing an alarmingly increased prevalence around the world. The increase in prevalence is seen across all ages. NFHS-5 data has demonstrated a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among both children and adults in India with a proportionate increase in the risk for metabolic complications. Presence of overweight and obesity has been associated with several metabolic dysfunctions including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardio-metabolic disorders, and menstrual & fertility disorders. Children whose BMI is high in childhood demonstrate features suggestive of cardio-metabolic dysfunction. Growth charts pertaining to BMI charts and abdominal circumference along with clinical examination continue to play an important role in evaluation of obesity. Investigations are tailored to each individual based on clinical picture and evaluation of specific complication. Lifestyle modifications, at the earliest, with adequate sleep, sufficient exercise as suited for the age and individual, and sensible food intake help in averting long term complications. Several new drugs are available for older children. But, these are to be used judiciously based on current health, associated complications, and with the full concurrence of the family after a reasonable amount of lifestyle measures.