Hypertonic cryohemolysis of pathologic red blood cells.

Human erythrocytes suspended in hypertonic solutions undergo hemolysis when the temperature of the suspension is changed from 37 degrees C toward 0-4 degrees C. It has been suggested that the hypertonic environment causes some proteins of the skeletal network to be changed in such a way that their normal adaptation to temperature changes is prevented, thus resulting in cryohemolysis. In the present study, we compared the cryohemolysis of some pathologic red blood cells in hypertonic sucrose and NaCl to normal cells. Erythrocytes of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) were found to be significantly more fragile than all others in hypertonic sucrose, while they behaved normally in hypertonic NaCl. In contrast, erythrocytes of thalassemic patients showed decreased susceptibility to cryohemolysis, both in hypertonic sucrose and in NaCl. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia samples behaved like normal samples, both in NaCl and in sucrose. The erythrocytes of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia-type II patients showed two types of cryohemolysis; one pattern was similar to that of HS, and the other one presented normal levels in sucrose and reduced levels in NaCl. The different patterns of cryohemolysis described for the pathologic cells are thought to reflect different lesions in the membranes of the erythrocytes of the various hemolytic disorders. It is hoped that studying the cryohemolysis of abnormal red cells may contribute some illumination as to molecular interactions in intact cells in health and in disease.