自我控制在抑郁中学生问题智能手机使用与广泛性焦虑症状双向关系中的作用：来自纵向调节网络分析的见解

The role of self-control in the bidirectional relation between problematic smartphone use and generalized anxiety symptoms among depressed secondary school students: Insight from longitudinal moderation network analysis.

作者信息

Lu Xiaoxu, Zhang Liang, Tao Yanqiang

机构信息

Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

College Students' Mental Health Education Center, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

出版信息

J Affect Disord. 2025 Jul 27;391:119981. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.119981.

DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119981

PMID:40730286

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Despite the high prevalence of problematic smartphone use (PSU) and generalized anxiety symptoms among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), their symptom-level interplay remains unclear. The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model emphasizes that self-control may moderate the relation between generalized anxiety symptoms and PSU. However, the dynamic role of self-control in this relation at the symptom level over time is poorly understood.

METHOD

A total of 2469 secondary school students completed questionnaires in two waves, including the Mobile Phone Addiction Index, Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Self-Control Scale, assessing MDD, PSU, generalized anxiety, and self-control. Using a cutoff of 8, 169 (prevalence is 6.84 %, male = 73 (43.2 %), age = 14.50 ± 1.61) were screened as depressed and included in the analysis. A novel multivariate network model was employed to examine the bidirectional relation between PSU and anxiety when moderating self-control among students with MDD.

RESULTS

The inability to control craving was stable central symptom in two waves. Notably, anxiety symptoms linked to problematic smartphone use shifted from internalized symptoms (e.g., feeling afraid, nervousness) to externalized symptoms (e.g., restlessness). Additionally, self-control moderated the bidirectional relation between PSU (i.e., feeling anxious and lost) and generalized anxiety symptoms (i.e., restlessness) in the first wave, with higher self-control strengthening this bidirectional association among depressed secondary students.

CONCLUSION

The findings emphasized the potential role of self-control in the symptom-level association between PSU and anxiety, providing implications for targeted interventions in depressed students, such as acceptance and commitment therapy.

摘要

背景

尽管在重度抑郁症（MDD）患者中，问题性智能手机使用（PSU）和广泛性焦虑症状的患病率很高，但其症状水平的相互作用仍不清楚。人-情感-认知-执行模型强调，自我控制可能会调节广泛性焦虑症状与PSU之间的关系。然而，人们对自我控制在这种关系中随时间变化的症状水平上的动态作用了解甚少。

方法

共有2469名中学生分两波完成问卷调查，包括手机成瘾指数、患者健康问卷、广泛性焦虑障碍量表和自我控制量表，以评估MDD、PSU、广泛性焦虑和自我控制。以8分为临界值，筛选出169名（患病率为6.84%，男性=73名（43.2%），年龄=14.50±1.61）抑郁症患者纳入分析。采用一种新的多元网络模型来研究在患有MDD的学生中，自我控制起调节作用时PSU与焦虑之间的双向关系。

结果

无法控制渴望在两波调查中都是稳定的核心症状。值得注意的是，与问题性智能手机使用相关的焦虑症状从内化症状（如感到害怕、紧张）转变为外化症状（如坐立不安）。此外，在第一波调查中，自我控制调节了PSU（即感到焦虑和失落）与广泛性焦虑症状（即坐立不安）之间的双向关系，自我控制能力越强，抑郁中学生之间的这种双向关联就越强。