Adhikari Nayani G, Hunsicker Eugénie, Pain Matthew T G, Dickinson John W, Winter Samantha L
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
Population Health Research Institute, City St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jul 17;25(14):4464. doi: 10.3390/s25144464.
Opto-electronic plethysmography (OEP) is used to measure chest wall compartment volumes and their synchronisation. Breathing pattern disorder (BPD) can be distinguished using the phase angles between these chest wall compartments during exercise. However, the time taken to manually place the standard OEP model involving 89 reflective markers is high during clinical application. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a pre-markered T-shirt instead of markers applied directly to the skin at rest, during different exercise intensities and recovery. Thirty-nine healthy participants (24 male, 15 female) aged 18-40 years performed an incremental cycling test with the skin-mounted OEP marker set. Participants then repeated the same cycling test with a pre-markered T-shirt. Across all test conditions, the T-shirt showed a strong level of agreement (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ≥ 0.9) with the standard breath-by-breath (BbB) gas analyser. Moreover, ICC values exceeded 0.8 for compartment contributions across all test conditions, indicating excellent agreement with the skin-mounted markers. The phase angles between compartments showed the best agreement during the moderate exercise level (0.6 < ICC < 0.8). In conclusion, the pre-markered T-shirt presents a viable solution for the quick monitoring of breathing patterns, as well as an effective tool in diagnosing BPD during exercise.
光电体积描记法（OEP）用于测量胸壁腔室容积及其同步性。在运动过程中，可以利用这些胸壁腔室之间的相位角来区分呼吸模式障碍（BPD）。然而，在临床应用中，手动放置包含89个反射标记的标准OEP模型所需的时间很长。本研究的目的是探讨在静息状态、不同运动强度及恢复过程中，使用预先标记的T恤衫而非直接贴在皮肤上的标记物的情况。39名年龄在18至40岁之间的健康参与者（24名男性，15名女性）使用贴在皮肤上的OEP标记组进行了递增式自行车测试。参与者随后穿着预先标记的T恤衫重复相同的自行车测试。在所有测试条件下，该T恤衫与标准逐次呼吸（BbB）气体分析仪显示出高度一致性（组内相关系数（ICC）≥0.9）。此外，在所有测试条件下，各腔室贡献的ICC值均超过0.8，表明与贴在皮肤上的标记物具有极佳的一致性。在中等运动强度下，各腔室之间的相位角显示出最佳一致性（0.6 < ICC < 0.8）。总之，预先标记的T恤衫是快速监测呼吸模式的可行解决方案，也是在运动过程中诊断BPD的有效工具。
